--- title: Of its nature, and the ideas and sentiments whereby it was sustained… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics description: Of its nature, and the ideas and sentiments whereby it was sustained, nought may now be learned save by an examination of those tombs themselves, and of the dumb remnants, from time to time exhumed out of their soil--rude instruments of clay, flint, brass, and gold, and by speculations and reasoning --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/1/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/) / [Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., par…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/1/) / 7 # Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1, sentence 7 Of its nature, and the ideas and sentiments whereby it was sustained, nought may now be learned save by an examination of those tombs themselves, and of the dumb remnants, from time to time exhumed out of their soil--rude instruments of clay, flint, brass, and gold, and by speculations and reasonings founded upon these archaeological gleanings, meagre and sapless. **Who acts:** ideas · **What happens:** sustain, learn, save, exhume, found, examine · **To what, where:** ideas, nought, time, soil, speculations, tombs This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ideas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg8109:1:7 # text = Of its nature, and the ideas and sentiments whereby it was sustained, nought may now be learned save by an examination of those tombs themselves, and of the dumb remnants, from time to time exhumed out of their soil--rude instruments of clay, flint, brass, and gold, and by speculations and reasonings founded upon these archaeological gleanings, meagre and sapless. 1 Of of ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ _ 3 nature nature NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 4 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 ideas idea NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj:pass _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 sentiments sentiment NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 conj _ _ 10 whereby whereby ADV WRB PronType=Int 13 advmod _ _ 11 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj:pass _ _ 12 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux:pass _ _ 13 sustained sustain VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 14 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 15 nought nought PRON NN PronType=Neg 19 nsubj:pass _ _ 16 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ _ 17 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 19 advmod _ _ 18 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 19 aux:pass _ _ 19 learned learn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 13 parataxis _ _ 20 save save VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 19 xcomp _ _ 21 by by ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 examination examination NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 24 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 those that DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 26 det _ _ 26 tombs tomb NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nmod _ _ 27 themselves themselves PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 26 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 28 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 30 of of ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 32 dumb dumb ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 remnants remnant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 34 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 35 from from ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl:unmarked _ _ 37 to to ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nmod _ _ 39 exhumed exhume VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 38 acl _ _ 40 out out ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 41 of of ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 42 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 43 nmod:poss _ _ 43 soil soil NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 44 -- -- PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 45 rude rude ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 amod _ _ 46 instruments instrument NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 conj _ _ 47 of of ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 48 clay clay NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 49 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ _ 50 flint flint NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 51 , , PUNCT , _ 52 punct _ _ 52 brass brass NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 53 , , PUNCT , _ 55 punct _ _ 54 and and CCONJ CC _ 55 cc _ _ 55 gold gold NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 56 , , PUNCT , _ 59 punct _ _ 57 and and CCONJ CC _ 59 cc _ _ 58 by by ADP IN _ 59 case _ _ 59 speculations speculation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 55 appos _ _ 60 and and CCONJ CC _ 61 cc _ _ 61 reasonings reasoning NOUN NNS Number=Plur 59 conj _ _ 62 founded found VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 59 acl _ _ 63 upon upon ADP IN _ 66 case _ _ 64 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 66 det _ _ 65 archaeological archaeological ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 66 amod _ _ 66 gleanings gleaning NOUN NNS Number=Plur 62 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 67 , , PUNCT , _ 68 punct _ _ 68 meagre meagre NOUN NN Number=Sing 66 conj _ _ 69 and and CCONJ CC _ 70 cc _ _ 70 sapless sapless NOUN NN Number=Sing 66 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 71 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **sustain** | past · passive | | the ideas and sentiments | | | | civilisation *nsubj:pass*; whereby *property* | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Theme | | 2 | **learn** | may · passive | | nought | | | now; time | of the dumb remnants; gold *conj* | tree rules | | 3 | **save** | participle | | | | | | by a examination of that tombs ideas | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **exhume** | participle | | time *not said here* | | ideas's soil | | | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **found** | participle | | speculations and reasonings *not said here* | | | | upon this archaeological gleanings and meagre and sapless | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **examine** | | | that tombs ideas | | | | | nom examination «act transitive»: of=patient | | 8 | **soil** | | ideas *= idea* | | | | | | nom soil «state transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/1/6/) - next →: [sentence 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/1/8/) - ↑ back to [Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/1/)