---
title: For after the explorer has broken up, certainly desecrated, and perh… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: For after the explorer has broken up, certainly desecrated, and perhaps destroyed, those noble sepulchral raths; after he has disinterred the bones laid there once by pious hands, and the urn with its unrecognisable ashes of king or warrior, and by the industrious labour of years hoarded his fruitle
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1, sentence 8

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For after the explorer has broken up, certainly desecrated, and perhaps destroyed, those noble sepulchral raths; after he has disinterred the bones laid there once by pious hands, and the urn with its unrecognisable ashes of king or warrior, and by the industrious labour of years hoarded his fruitless treasure of stone celt and arrow-head, of brazen sword and gold fibula and torque; and after the savant has rammed many skulls with sawdust, measuring their capacity, and has adorned them with some obscure label, and has tabulated and arranged the implements and decorations of flint and metal in the glazed cases of the cold gaunt museum, the imagination, unsatisfied and revolted, shrinks back from all that he has done.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** tradition, bones · **What happens:** break up, desecrate, destroy, disinter, lay, hoard · **To what, where:** explorer, fruitless treasure, many skulls, capacity, bones, implements

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tradition, bones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:1:8
# text = For after the explorer has broken up, certainly desecrated, and perhaps destroyed, those noble sepulchral raths; after he has disinterred the bones laid there once by pious hands, and the urn with its unrecognisable ashes of king or warrior, and by the industrious labour of years hoarded his fruitless treasure of stone celt and arrow-head, of brazen sword and gold fibula and torque; and after the savant has rammed many skulls with sawdust, measuring their capacity, and has adorned them with some obscure label, and has tabulated and arranged the implements and decorations of flint and metal in the glazed cases of the cold gaunt museum, the imagination, unsatisfied and revolted, shrinks back from all that he has done.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
2	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	explorer	explorer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	128	advcl	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	desecrated	desecrate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	19	det	_	_
17	noble	noble	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
18	sepulchral	sepulchral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	raths	rath	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	disinterred	disinter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj	_	_
27	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	conj	_	_
28	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	27	advmod	_	_
29	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	27	advmod	_	_
30	by	by	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	pious	pious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	urn	urn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
37	with	with	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
38	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	40	nmod:poss	_	_
39	unrecognisable	unrecognisable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	ashes	ash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	nmod	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	_
43	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
44	warrior	warrior	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
46	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	53	cc	_	_
47	by	by	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
49	industrious	industrious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	50	amod	_	_
50	labour	labour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	obl	_	_
51	of	of	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
52	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	50	nmod	_	_
53	hoarded	hoard	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
54	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	56	nmod:poss	_	_
55	fruitless	fruitless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	56	amod	_	_
56	treasure	treasure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	obj	_	_
57	of	of	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
58	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	compound	_	_
59	celt	celt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	nmod	_	_
60	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	63	cc	_	_
61	arrow	arrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	63	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	61	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
63	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
64	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	67	punct	_	_
65	of	of	ADP	IN	_	67	case	_	_
66	brazen	brazen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	67	amod	_	_
67	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	obl	_	_
68	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	70	cc	_	_
69	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	70	compound	_	_
70	fibula	fibula	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	67	conj	_	_
71	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	72	cc	_	_
72	torque	torque	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	70	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
73	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	79	punct	_	_
74	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	79	cc	_	_
75	after	after	ADP	IN	_	77	case	_	_
76	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	77	det	_	_
77	savant	savant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	79	obl	_	_
78	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	79	aux	_	_
79	rammed	ram	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
80	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	81	amod	_	_
81	skulls	skull	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	79	obj	_	_
82	with	with	ADP	IN	_	83	case	_	_
83	sawdust	sawdust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	81	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
84	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	85	punct	_	_
85	measuring	measure	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	79	advcl	_	_
86	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	87	nmod:poss	_	_
87	capacity	capacity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	85	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
88	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	91	punct	_	_
89	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	91	cc	_	_
90	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	91	aux	_	_
91	adorned	adorn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	79	conj	_	_
92	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	91	obj	_	_
93	with	with	ADP	IN	_	96	case	_	_
94	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	96	det	_	_
95	obscure	obscure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	96	amod	_	_
96	label	label	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	91	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
97	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	100	punct	_	_
98	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	100	cc	_	_
99	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	100	aux	_	_
100	tabulated	tabulate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
101	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	102	cc	_	_
102	arranged	arrange	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	100	conj	_	_
103	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	104	det	_	_
104	implements	implement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	102	obj	_	_
105	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	106	cc	_	_
106	decorations	decoration	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	104	conj	_	_
107	of	of	ADP	IN	_	108	case	_	_
108	flint	flint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	106	nmod	_	_
109	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	110	cc	_	_
110	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	104	conj	_	_
111	in	in	ADP	IN	_	114	case	_	_
112	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	114	det	_	_
113	glazed	glaze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	114	amod	_	_
114	cases	case	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	102	obl	_	_
115	of	of	ADP	IN	_	119	case	_	_
116	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	119	det	_	_
117	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	119	amod	_	_
118	gaunt	gaunt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	119	amod	_	_
119	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	114	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
120	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	122	punct	_	_
121	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	122	det	_	_
122	imagination	imagination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	119	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
123	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	124	punct	_	_
124	unsatisfied	unsatisfied	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	122	amod	_	_
125	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	126	cc	_	_
126	revolted	revolt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	124	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
127	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
128	shrinks	shrink	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
129	back	back	ADV	RB	_	128	advmod	_	_
130	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	135	mark	_	_
131	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	135	det:predet	_	_
132	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	135	mark	_	_
133	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	135	nsubj	_	_
134	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	135	aux	_	_
135	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	128	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
136	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	128	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break up** | present · perfect · passive |  | the explorer |  |  |  | the urn with explorer's unrecognisable ashes of king or warrior *obl* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **desecrate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | certainly *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **destroy** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | that noble sepulchral raths *parataxis*; perhaps *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **disinter** | present · perfect | tradition |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **lay** | past | the bones |  |  | there |  | by pious hands; once *property* | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by hand=Destination |
| 6 | **hoard** | past |  | tradition's fruitless treasure of stone celt and arrow head |  |  |  | by the industrious labour of years; of brazen sword and gold fibula and torque | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent treasure=Theme by labour=Location |
| 7 | **ram** | present · perfect |  | many skulls |  |  | after the savant | with sawdust | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent skull=Theme |
| 8 | **measure** | gerund |  | bones's capacity |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme capacity=Value |
| 9 | **adorn** | present · perfect |  | bones *= bone* |  |  |  | with some obscure label | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent they=Destination with label=Theme |
| 10 | **tabulate** | present · perfect |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 11 | **arrange** | past |  | the implements and decorations of flint and metal |  | the glazed cases of the cold gaunt museum |  |  | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent implement=Theme in case=Destination |
| 12 | **glaze** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 13 | **revolt** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 14 | **shrink back** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 15 | **do** | present · perfect | tradition |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 16 | **treasure** |  | tradition | stone celt and arrow head |  |  |  |  | nom treasure «possession transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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