--- title: Cuculain died in the era of the Incarnation, three hundred years, if… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics description: Cuculain died in the era of the Incarnation, three hundred years, if not more, before the country even began to be Christianised, yet he is never spoken of as anything but a great hero, from which one of two things would follow, either that the apotheosis of heroes needed the lapse of centuries, or --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/10/45/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/) / [Firbolgs and Third Cycle of the Fomoroh.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/10/) / 45 # Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Firbolgs and Third Cycle of the Fomoroh., sentence 45 Cuculain died in the era of the Incarnation, three hundred years, if not more, before the country even began to be Christianised, yet he is never spoken of as anything but a great hero, from which one of two things would follow, either that the apotheosis of heroes needed the lapse of centuries, or that, during the first, second, third, and fourth centuries, the historical conscience was so enlightened, and a positive definite knowledge of the past so universal, that the translation of heroes into the divine clans could no longer take place. **Who acts:** Cuculain, country, one, apotheosis, fourth centuries, centuries · **What happens:** die, begin, christianis, not speak, follow, need · **To what, where:** country, lapse, historical conscience, divine clans, place · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Firbolgs and Third Cycle of the Fomoroh.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cuculain, country, one, apotheosis), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg8109:10:45 # text = Cuculain died in the era of the Incarnation, three hundred years, if not more, before the country even began to be Christianised, yet he is never spoken of as anything but a great hero, from which one of two things would follow, either that the apotheosis of heroes needed the lapse of centuries, or that, during the first, second, third, and fourth centuries, the historical conscience was so enlightened, and a positive definite knowledge of the past so universal, that the translation of heroes into the divine clans could no longer take place. 1 Cuculain Cuculain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 died die VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 era era NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 Incarnation Incarnation PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 11 compound _ _ 11 hundred hundred NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 12 nummod _ _ 12 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 14 if if SCONJ IN _ 16 mark _ _ 15 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 16 advmod _ _ 16 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 2 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 17 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 18 before before SCONJ IN _ 22 mark _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 21 even even ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 22 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 23 to to PART TO _ 25 mark _ _ 24 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 25 aux:pass _ _ 25 Christianised christianis VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 22 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 26 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 27 yet yet CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 28 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ _ 29 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 aux:pass _ _ 30 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 31 advmod _ _ 31 spoken speak VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 parataxis _ _ 32 of of ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 as as ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 anything anything PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 31 obl _ _ 35 but but CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 36 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 37 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 38 hero hero NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 39 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 40 from from ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 41 which which DET WDT PronType=Int 42 det _ _ 42 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 nsubj _ _ 43 of of ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 44 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 45 nummod _ _ 45 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 nmod _ _ 46 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 47 aux _ _ 47 follow follow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 31 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 48 , , PUNCT , _ 55 punct _ _ 49 either either CCONJ CC _ 55 cc:preconj _ _ 50 that that SCONJ IN _ 55 mark _ _ 51 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 52 det _ _ 52 apotheosis apotheosis NOUN NN Number=Sing 55 nsubj _ _ 53 of of ADP IN _ 54 case _ _ 54 heroes hero NOUN NNS Number=Plur 52 nmod _ _ 55 needed need VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 56 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 57 det _ _ 57 lapse lapse NOUN NN Number=Sing 55 obj _ _ 58 of of ADP IN _ 59 case _ _ 59 centuries century NOUN NNS Number=Plur 57 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 60 , , PUNCT , _ 66 punct _ _ 61 or or CCONJ CC _ 66 cc _ _ 62 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 66 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 63 , , PUNCT , _ 62 punct _ _ 64 during during ADP IN _ 66 case _ _ 65 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 66 det _ _ 66 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 55 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 67 , , PUNCT , _ 68 punct _ _ 68 second second ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 66 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 69 , , PUNCT , _ 70 punct _ _ 70 third third ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 66 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 71 , , PUNCT , _ 106 punct _ _ 72 and and CCONJ CC _ 106 cc _ _ 73 fourth fourth ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 74 amod _ _ 74 centuries century NOUN NNS Number=Plur 106 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 75 , , PUNCT , _ 81 punct _ _ 76 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 78 det _ _ 77 historical historical ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 78 amod _ _ 78 conscience conscience NOUN NN Number=Sing 81 nsubj:pass _ _ 79 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 81 aux:pass _ _ 80 so so ADV RB _ 81 advmod _ _ 81 enlightened enlighten VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 74 acl _ SpaceAfter=No 82 , , PUNCT , _ 87 punct _ _ 83 and and CCONJ CC _ 87 cc _ _ 84 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 87 det _ _ 85 positive positive ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 87 amod _ _ 86 definite definite ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 87 amod _ _ 87 knowledge knowledge NOUN NN Number=Sing 81 obl _ _ 88 of of ADP IN _ 90 case _ _ 89 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 90 det _ _ 90 past past NOUN NN Number=Sing 87 nmod _ _ 91 so so ADV RB _ 92 advmod _ _ 92 universal universal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 87 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 93 , , PUNCT , _ 96 punct _ _ 94 that that SCONJ IN _ 96 mark _ _ 95 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 96 det _ _ 96 translation translation NOUN NN Number=Sing 81 obl _ _ 97 of of ADP IN _ 98 case _ _ 98 heroes hero NOUN NNS Number=Plur 96 nmod _ _ 99 into into ADP IN _ 102 case _ _ 100 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 102 det _ _ 101 divine divine ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 102 amod _ _ 102 clans clan NOUN NNS Number=Plur 81 obl _ _ 103 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 106 aux _ _ 104 no no ADV RB _ 105 advmod _ _ 105 longer long ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 106 advmod _ _ 106 take take VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 66 parataxis _ _ 107 place place NOUN NN Number=Sing 106 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 108 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **die** | past | Cuculain | | | | year | in the era of the Incarnation | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in era=Attribute | | 2 | **begin** | past | the country | | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 3 | **christianis** | to-infinitive · passive | the country *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **not** **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive | | country | | | | of anything a great hero | tree rules | | 5 | **follow** | would | which one of two things | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **need** | past | the apotheosis of heroes | the lapse of centuries | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot lapse=Theme | | 7 | **enlighten** | past · passive | fourth centuries *not said here* | the historical conscience | | the divine clans | | a positive definite knowledge of the past *obl*; the translation of heroes *obl* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | | 8 | **take** | could | fourth centuries | place | | | | long *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Theme | | 9 | **lapse** | | centuries | | | | | | nom lapse «act intransitive»: of=agent | | 10 | **translate** | | heroes | | | | | | nom translation «communication intransitive»: of=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/10/44/) - next →: [sentence 46](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/10/46/) - ↑ back to [Firbolgs and Third Cycle of the Fomoroh.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/10/)