---
title: He was represented with a harp, and attended by bright birds, his ow… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: He was represented with a harp, and attended by bright birds, his own transformed kisses, at whose singing love arose in the hearts of youths and maidens. Who acts: love, MAC. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Firbolgs and Third Cycle of the Fomoroh., with its de
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Firbolgs and Third Cycle of the Fomoroh., sentence 56

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was represented with a harp, and attended by bright birds, his own transformed kisses, at whose singing love arose in the hearts of youths and maidens.

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**Who acts:** love, MAC · **What happens:** represent, attend, transform, sing, arise, kiss · **To what, where:** MAC, hearts · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Firbolgs and Third Cycle of the Fomoroh.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (love, MAC), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:10:56
# text = He was represented with a harp, and attended by bright birds, his own transformed kisses, at whose singing love arose in the hearts of youths and maidens.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	represented	represent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	harp	harp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	attended	attend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
15	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	transformed	transform	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	amod	_	_
17	kisses	kiss	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
20	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
22	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
23	arose	arise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	ccomp	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	hearts	heart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	youths	youth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	maidens	maiden	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **represent** | past · passive |  | MAC |  |  |  | with a harp | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **attend** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by bright birds and MAC's own transformed kisses | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent by bird=Theme |
| 3 | **transform** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | whose *nmod:poss* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **arise** | past | love |  |  | the hearts of youths and maidens |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in heart=Location |
| 6 | **kiss** |  | MAC |  |  |  |  |  | nom kiss «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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