---
title: To him and to his father the great tumulus of New Grange, upon the B… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: To him and to his father the great tumulus of New Grange, upon the Boyne, was sacred. Who acts: great tumulus. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Firbolgs and Third Cycle of the Fomoroh., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Firbolgs and Third Cycle of the Fomoroh., sentence 57

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To him and to his father the great tumulus of New Grange, upon the Boyne, was sacred.

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**Who acts:** great tumulus · **What happens:** be

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Firbolgs and Third Cycle of the Fomoroh.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (great tumulus), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:10:57
# text = To him and to his father the great tumulus of New Grange, upon the Boyne, was sacred.
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	punct	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	tumulus	tumulus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	New	New	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	Grange	Grange	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Boyne	Boyne	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	sacred	sacred	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the great tumulus of New Grange |  |  |  |  | sacred *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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