---
title: "In that fair clime, the lonely herdsman, stretched On the soft gras… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: "In that fair clime, the lonely herdsman, stretched On the soft grass through half a summer's day, With music lulled his indolent repose, And in some fit of weariness if he, When his own breath was silent, chanced to hear A distant strain far sweeter than the sounds Which his poor skill could make, 
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Firbolgs and Third Cycle of the Fomoroh., sentence 91

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"In that fair clime, the lonely herdsman, stretched On the soft grass through half a summer's day, With music lulled his indolent repose, And in some fit of weariness if he, When his own breath was silent, chanced to hear A distant strain far sweeter than the sounds Which his poor skill could make, his fancy fetched, Even from the blazing chariot of the sun, A beardless youth who touched a golden lute And filled the illumined groves with ravishment-- \*\*\* "Sunbeams upon distant hills, Gliding apace with shadows in their train, Might, with small help from fancy, be transformed Into fleet oreads, sporting visibly."

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**Who acts:** music, poor skill, fancy, beardless youth, Sunbeams, fleet oreads · **What happens:** stretch, lull, be, chance, hear, make · **To what, where:** soft grass, indolent repose, fit, distant strain, sounds, blazing chariot

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Firbolgs and Third Cycle of the Fomoroh.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (music, poor skill, fancy, beardless youth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:10:91
# text = "In that fair clime, the lonely herdsman, stretched On the soft grass through half a summer's day, With music lulled his indolent repose, And in some fit of weariness if he, When his own breath was silent, chanced to hear A distant strain far sweeter than the sounds Which his poor skill could make, his fancy fetched, Even from the blazing chariot of the sun, A beardless youth who touched a golden lute And filled the illumined groves with ravishment-- *** "Sunbeams upon distant hills, Gliding apace with shadows in their train, Might, with small help from fancy, be transformed Into fleet oreads, sporting visibly."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	In	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
4	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	clime	clime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	lonely	lonely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	herdsman	herdsman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	stretched	stretch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
12	On	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	through	through	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
17	half	half	DET	PDT	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac|PronType=Ind	21	det:predet	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
19	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	's	's	PART	POS	_	19	case	_	_
21	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	With	with	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
24	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
25	lulled	lull	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
27	indolent	indolent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	repose	repose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
30	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	33	det	_	_
33	fit	fit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	weariness	weariness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	_
36	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	44	mark	_	_
37	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	44	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
39	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	44	advmod	_	_
40	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	42	nmod:poss	_	_
41	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
42	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nsubj	_	_
43	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	44	cop	_	_
44	silent	silent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
46	chanced	chance	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	44	conj	_	_
47	to	to	PART	TO	_	48	mark	_	_
48	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	46	xcomp	_	_
49	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
50	distant	distant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	51	amod	_	_
51	strain	strain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obj	_	_
52	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	53	advmod	_	_
53	sweeter	sweet	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	51	amod	_	_
54	than	than	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
55	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	56	det	_	_
56	sounds	sound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	53	obl	_	_
57	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	62	obj	_	_
58	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	60	nmod:poss	_	_
59	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	60	amod	_	_
60	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	62	nsubj	_	_
61	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	62	aux	_	_
62	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	56	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
63	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	66	punct	_	_
64	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	65	nmod:poss	_	_
65	fancy	fancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	66	nsubj	_	_
66	fetched	fetch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	51	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
67	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	72	punct	_	_
68	Even	even	ADV	RB	_	72	advmod	_	_
69	from	from	ADP	IN	_	72	case	_	_
70	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	72	det	_	_
71	blazing	blazing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	72	amod	_	_
72	chariot	chariot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	66	obl	_	_
73	of	of	ADP	IN	_	75	case	_	_
74	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	75	det	_	_
75	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	72	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
76	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	79	punct	_	_
77	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	79	det	_	_
78	beardless	beardless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	79	amod	_	_
79	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	72	conj	_	_
80	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	81	nsubj	_	_
81	touched	touch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	79	acl:relcl	_	_
82	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	84	det	_	_
83	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	84	amod	_	_
84	lute	lute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	81	obj	_	_
85	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	86	cc	_	_
86	filled	fill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	81	conj	_	_
87	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	89	det	_	_
88	illumined	illumine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	89	amod	_	_
89	groves	grove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	86	obj	_	_
90	with	with	ADP	IN	_	91	case	_	_
91	ravishment	ravishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	86	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
92	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	95	punct	_	_
93	***	***	PUNCT	NFP	_	95	punct	_	_
94	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	95	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
95	Sunbeams	sunbeam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	obj	_	_
96	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	98	case	_	_
97	distant	distant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	98	amod	_	_
98	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	95	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
99	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	100	punct	_	_
100	Gliding	glide	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	95	acl	_	_
101	apace	apace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	100	obj	_	_
102	with	with	ADP	IN	_	103	case	_	_
103	shadows	shadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	100	obl	_	_
104	in	in	ADP	IN	_	106	case	_	_
105	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	106	nmod:poss	_	_
106	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	100	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
107	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	108	punct	_	_
108	Might	Might	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	95	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
109	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	112	punct	_	_
110	with	with	ADP	IN	_	112	case	_	_
111	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	112	amod	_	_
112	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	108	appos	_	_
113	from	from	ADP	IN	_	114	case	_	_
114	fancy	fancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	112	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
115	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	117	punct	_	_
116	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	117	aux:pass	_	_
117	transformed	transform	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	48	advcl	_	_
118	Into	into	ADP	IN	_	120	case	_	_
119	fleet	fleet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	120	amod	_	_
120	oreads	oread	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	117	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
121	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	122	punct	_	_
122	sporting	sport	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	120	acl	_	_
123	visibly	visibly	ADV	RB	_	122	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
124	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
125	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stretch** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  | the soft grass | day |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **lull** *in a quote* | past | music | music's indolent repose |  | some fit of weariness |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus repose=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | past | music |  |  |  |  | music's own breath *nsubj*; silent *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **chance** *in a quote* | participle | music *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn risk-94-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 5 | **hear** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | music *not said here* | a distant strain |  |  |  | Sunbeams  Might *obj* | tree rules |
| 6 | **make** *in a quote* | could | music's poor skill | the sounds |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset which=Product |
| 7 | **fetch** *in a quote* | past | music's fancy | a distant strain *not said here* |  | the blazing chariot of the sun and a beardless youth |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent strain=Theme from chariot=Source |
| 8 | **touch** *in a quote* | past | a beardless youth | a golden lute |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme lute=Co-Theme |
| 9 | **fill** *in a quote* | past | a beardless youth *not said here* | the illumined groves |  |  |  | with ravishment | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent grove=Patient with ravishment=Instrument |
| 10 | **illumine** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 11 | **glide** | gerund | Sunbeams  Might *not said here* | apace |  | gods's train |  | with shadows | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent apace=Theme in train=Trajectory |
| 12 | **transform** | infinitive · passive | music *not said here* |  |  |  |  | into fleet oreads *result* | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.result»: into oread=Result |
| 13 | **sport** | gerund | fleet oreads *not said here* |  |  |  |  | visibly *property* | tree rules |
| 15 | **repose** *in a quote* |  | music |  |  |  |  |  | nom repose «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
| 16 | **fancy** *in a quote* |  | music |  |  |  |  |  | nom fancy «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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