---
title: In all the ancient Irish literature we find the connection of the go… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: In all the ancient Irish literature we find the connection of the gods, both those who survived into the historic times, and those whom they had dethroned, with the raths and cairns perpetually and almost universally insisted upon. Who acts: we, those, gods. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, I
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Firbolgs and Third Cycle of the Fomoroh., sentence 93

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In all the ancient Irish literature we find the connection of the gods, both those who survived into the historic times, and those whom they had dethroned, with the raths and cairns perpetually and almost universally insisted upon.

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**Who acts:** we, those, gods · **What happens:** find, survive, dethrone, insist · **To what, where:** connection, ancient Irish literature, those

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Firbolgs and Third Cycle of the Fomoroh.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, those, gods), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:10:93
# text = In all the ancient Irish literature we find the connection of the gods, both those who survived into the historic times, and those whom they had dethroned, with the raths and cairns perpetually and almost universally insisted upon.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
2	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	literature	literature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	connection	connection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc:preconj	_	_
16	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	18	nsubj	_	_
17	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	survived	survive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
19	into	into	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	historic	historic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	18	obj	_	_
26	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	29	obj	_	_
27	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
28	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	dethroned	dethrone	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	25	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
31	with	with	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	raths	rath	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	cairns	cairn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	conj	_	_
36	perpetually	perpetually	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
38	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
39	universally	universally	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
40	insisted	insist	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	advcl	_	_
41	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	40	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | present | we | the connection of the gods |  | all ancient Irish literature |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent connection=Topic |
| 2 | **survive** | past | those | those |  |  | time | with the raths and cairns; who *nsubj* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme that=Circumstance |
| 3 | **dethrone** | past · perfect | gods *= god* |  |  |  |  | whom *obj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **insist** *speech: other* | participle | those *not said here* |  |  |  |  | perpetually, universally *property* | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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