---
title: When a king died, his people raised his ferta, set up his stone, and… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: When a king died, his people raised his ferta, set up his stone, and engraved upon it, at least in later times, his name in ogham. Who acts: king, people, literature. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Firbolgs and Third Cycle of the Fomoroh., with its dependency 
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Firbolgs and Third Cycle of the Fomoroh., sentence 98

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When a king died, his people raised his ferta, set up his stone, and engraved upon it, at least in later times, his name in ogham.

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**Who acts:** king, people, literature · **What happens:** die, raise, set up, engrave, name · **To what, where:** ferta, stone, ogham

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Firbolgs and Third Cycle of the Fomoroh.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, people, literature), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:10:98
# text = When a king died, his people raised his ferta, set up his stone, and engraved upon it, at least in later times, his name in ogham.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	raised	raise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	ferta	ferta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	advcl	_	_
13	up	up	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	engraved	engrave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
19	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	at	at	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	least	least	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	26	nmod	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	later	late	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	26	amod	_	_
26	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	parataxis	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	ogham	ogham	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | past | a king |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **raise** | past | literature's people | literature's ferta |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ferta=Theme |
| 3 | **set up** | participle | literature's people *not said here* | literature's stone |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient stone=Result |
| 4 | **engrave** | participle | literature's people *not said here* |  |  | stone | time | literature's name in ogham *parataxis* | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent upon it=Destination |
| 5 | **name** |  | literature |  |  | ogham |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent in=place |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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