---
title: It is this poetic literature which constitutes the stumbling-block,… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: It is this poetic literature which constitutes the stumbling-block, as it constitutes also the glory, of early Irish history, for it cannot be rejected and it cannot be retained. Who acts: history, poetic literature. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 2, sentence 11

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It is this poetic literature which constitutes the stumbling-block, as it constitutes also the glory, of early Irish history, for it cannot be rejected and it cannot be retained.

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**Who acts:** history, poetic literature · **What happens:** be, constitute, not reject, not retain · **To what, where:** poetic literature, stumbling block, glory, history

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (history, poetic literature), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:2:11
# text = It is this poetic literature which constitutes the stumbling-block, as it constitutes also the glory, of early Irish history, for it cannot be rejected and it cannot be retained.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
4	poetic	poetic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	literature	literature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	stumbling	stumbling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	block	block	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
16	also	also	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	glory	glory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
22	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
25	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
26	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj:pass	_	_
27	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	30	advmod	_	_
29	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	aux:pass	_	_
30	rejected	reject	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	advcl	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
32	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj:pass	_	_
33	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	36	advmod	_	_
35	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	36	aux:pass	_	_
36	retained	retain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | history | this poetic literature |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **constitute** | present | this poetic literature | the stumbling block |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme block=Pivot |
| 3 | **constitute** | present | history | the glory |  |  |  | of early Irish history | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme glory=Pivot |
| 4 | **not** **reject** | can · passive |  | history |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 5 | **not** **retain** | can · passive |  | history |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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