---
title: That this difficulty has not been hitherto surmounted by Irish write… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: That this difficulty has not been hitherto surmounted by Irish writers is no just reproach. Who acts: Irish writers, difficulty. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 2, sentence 13

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That this difficulty has not been hitherto surmounted by Irish writers is no just reproach.

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**Who acts:** Irish writers, difficulty · **What happens:** not surmount, be · **To what, where:** difficulty, reproach

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Irish writers, difficulty), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:2:13
# text = That this difficulty has not been hitherto surmounted by Irish writers is no just reproach.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
7	hitherto	hitherto	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	surmounted	surmount	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	writers	writer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl:agent	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
13	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	15	det	_	_
14	just	just	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	reproach	reproach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **surmount** | present · perfect · passive | Irish writers | that difficulty *not said here* |  |  |  | hitherto *property* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | that difficulty | no reproach |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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