---
title: Yet the labours of Wolfe, Grote, Mahaffy, Geddes, and Gladstone, hav… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: Yet the labours of Wolfe, Grote, Mahaffy, Geddes, and Gladstone, have not been sufficient to set at rest the small question, whether it was one man or two or many who composed the Iliad and Odyssey, while the reality of the achievements of Achilles and even his existence might be denied or asserted 
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 2, sentence 15

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Yet the labours of Wolfe, Grote, Mahaffy, Geddes, and Gladstone, have not been sufficient to set at rest the small question, whether it was one man or two or many who composed the Iliad and Odyssey, while the reality of the achievements of Achilles and even his existence might be denied or asserted by a scholar without general reproach.

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**Who acts:** labours, question, one man, Odyssey · **What happens:** not be, set, be, compose, deny, assert · **To what, where:** small question, rest, one man, Iliad, reality, Achilles

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (labours, question, one man, Odyssey), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:2:15
# text = Yet the labours of Wolfe, Grote, Mahaffy, Geddes, and Gladstone, have not been sufficient to set at rest the small question, whether it was one man or two or many who composed the Iliad and Odyssey, while the reality of the achievements of Achilles and even his existence might be denied or asserted by a scholar without general reproach.
1	Yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	labours	labour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Wolfe	Wolfe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Grote	Grote	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Mahaffy	Mahaffy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Geddes	Geddes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	Gladstone	Gladstone	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
16	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
18	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	cop	_	_
19	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	set	set	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	csubj	_	_
22	at	at	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
28	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
29	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
30	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
31	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	32	nummod	_	_
32	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
33	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	32	conj	_	_
35	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	conj	_	_
37	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	38	nsubj	_	_
38	composed	compose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	acl:relcl	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	Iliad	Iliad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	obj	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
42	Odyssey	Odyssey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	58	punct	_	_
44	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	58	mark	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	reality	reality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	nsubj:pass	_	_
47	of	of	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	achievements	achievement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	nmod	_	_
50	of	of	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
51	Achilles	Achilles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	49	nmod	_	_
52	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	55	cc	_	_
53	even	even	ADV	RB	_	55	advmod	_	_
54	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	55	nmod:poss	_	_
55	existence	existence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	conj	_	_
56	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	58	aux	_	_
57	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	58	aux:pass	_	_
58	denied	deny	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	parataxis	_	_
59	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	60	cc	_	_
60	asserted	assert	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	58	conj	_	_
61	by	by	ADP	IN	_	63	case	_	_
62	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	63	det	_	_
63	scholar	scholar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	obl	_	_
64	without	without	ADP	IN	_	66	case	_	_
65	general	general	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	66	amod	_	_
66	reproach	reproach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
67	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present · perfect | the labours of Wolfe and Grote and Mahaffy and Geddes and Gladstone |  |  |  |  | sufficient *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **set** | to-infinitive |  | the small question |  | rest |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent question=Theme at rest=Destination |
| 3 | **is a** | past | question | one man |  |  |  | two *conj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | question *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **compose** | past | one man | the Iliad and Odyssey |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent iliad=Result |
| 6 | **deny** | might · passive |  | the reality of the achievements of Achilles and Odyssey's existence |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 7 | **assert** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by a scholar; without general reproach | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **achieve** |  |  | Achilles and Odyssey's existence |  |  |  |  | nom achievement «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 9 | **exist** |  | Odyssey |  |  |  |  |  | nom existence «state intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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