---
title: The pre-Christian period of Irish history presents difficulties from… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: The pre-Christian period of Irish history presents difficulties from which the corresponding period in the histories of other countries is free. Who acts: pre-Christian period, corresponding period. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Irela
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 2, sentence 4

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The pre-Christian period of Irish history presents difficulties from which the corresponding period in the histories of other countries is free.

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**Who acts:** pre-Christian period, corresponding period · **What happens:** present, correspond, be · **To what, where:** difficulties

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pre-Christian period, corresponding period), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:2:4
# text = The pre-Christian period of Irish history presents difficulties from which the corresponding period in the histories of other countries is free.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	pre-Christian	pre-christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	presents	present	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	obl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	corresponding	correspond	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	amod	_	_
13	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	histories	history	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **present** | present | the pre-Christian period of Irish history | difficulties |  |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent difficulty=Theme |
| 2 | **correspond** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | the corresponding period in the histories of other countries |  |  | difficulties |  | free *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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