---
title: The English have lost utterly all record of those centuries before w… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: The English have lost utterly all record of those centuries before which the Irish historian stands with dismay and hesitation, not through deficiency of materials, but through their excess. Who acts: Irish historian. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardi
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 2, sentence 7

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The English have lost utterly all record of those centuries before which the Irish historian stands with dismay and hesitation, not through deficiency of materials, but through their excess.

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**Who acts:** Irish historian · **What happens:** lose, stand, record · **To what, where:** English, centuries

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Irish historian), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:2:7
# text = The English have lost utterly all record of those centuries before which the Irish historian stands with dismay and hesitation, not through deficiency of materials, but through their excess.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	utterly	utterly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	record	record	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	centuries	century	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	before	before	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	obl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	historian	historian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	dismay	dismay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	hesitation	hesitation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	24	advmod	_	_
23	through	through	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	deficiency	deficiency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	materials	material	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
28	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
29	through	through	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	excess	excess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present · perfect · passive |  | the English |  |  |  | all record of that centuries *obj*; utterly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **stand** | present | the Irish historian |  |  |  | before that centuries | with dismay and hesitation and deficiency of materials but dismay's excess | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before which=Location |
| 3 | **record** |  |  | that centuries |  |  |  |  | nom record «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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