---
title: When bards illuminated with stories and marvellous circumstances the… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: When bards illuminated with stories and marvellous circumstances the battle of Clontarf and the battle of Moyrath, we may believe their predecessors to have done the same for the earlier centuries. Who acts: bards, we. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bard
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 2, sentence 73

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When bards illuminated with stories and marvellous circumstances the battle of Clontarf and the battle of Moyrath, we may believe their predecessors to have done the same for the earlier centuries.

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**Who acts:** bards, we · **What happens:** illuminate, believe, do, battle · **To what, where:** battle, predecessors, same, Clontarf, Moyrath · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bards, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:2:73
# text = When bards illuminated with stories and marvellous circumstances the battle of Clontarf and the battle of Moyrath, we may believe their predecessors to have done the same for the earlier centuries.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	bards	bard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	illuminated	illuminate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	advcl	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	marvellous	marvellous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Clontarf	Clontarf	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Moyrath	Moyrath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
19	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	believe	believe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	predecessors	predecessor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
25	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	aux	_	_
26	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	ccomp	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	obj	_	_
29	for	for	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	earlier	early	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	32	amod	_	_
32	centuries	century	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **illuminate** | participle | bards | the battle of Clontarf and the battle of Moyrath |  |  |  | with stories and marvellous circumstances | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent battle=Destination with story=Theme |
| 2 | **believe** | may | we | bards's predecessors |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | to-infinitive · perfect |  | the same |  |  | century |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent same=Eventuality |
| 4 | **battle** |  |  | Clontarf |  |  |  |  | nom battle «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 5 | **battle** |  |  | Moyrath |  |  |  |  | nom battle «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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