---
title: Again, with the advent of Christianity, and the hold which the new f… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: Again, with the advent of Christianity, and the hold which the new faith took upon the finest and boldest minds in the country, it is plain that the golden age of bardic composition ended. Who acts: hold, faith, golden age. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3, sentence 13

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Again, with the advent of Christianity, and the hold which the new faith took upon the finest and boldest minds in the country, it is plain that the golden age of bardic composition ended.

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**Who acts:** hold, faith, golden age · **What happens:** take, be, end · **To what, where:** country

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hold, faith, golden age), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:3:13
# text = Again, with the advent of Christianity, and the hold which the new faith took upon the finest and boldest minds in the country, it is plain that the golden age of bardic composition ended.
1	Again	again	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	advent	advent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Christianity	Christianity	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	hold	hold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	faith	faith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
17	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
19	finest	fine	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	22	amod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	boldest	bold	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	19	conj	_	_
22	minds	mind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
27	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
28	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
29	plain	plain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
30	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	37	mark	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	bardic	bardic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	composition	composition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	_
37	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | the hold |  |  | the country |  | upon the finest minds; the new faith *nsubj* | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in country=Location |
| 2 | **is** | present | faith |  |  |  | again | with the advent of Christianity; plain *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **end** | past | the golden age of bardic composition |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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