---
title: The loss to the bards was direct, by the withdrawal of so much intel… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: The loss to the bards was direct, by the withdrawal of so much intellect from their ranks, and indirect, by the general substitution of other ideas for those whose ministers they themselves were. Who acts: loss, other ideas. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Earl
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3, sentence 14

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The loss to the bards was direct, by the withdrawal of so much intellect from their ranks, and indirect, by the general substitution of other ideas for those whose ministers they themselves were.

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**Who acts:** loss, other ideas · **What happens:** be, indirect, withdraw, substitute · **To what, where:** much intellect

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (loss, other ideas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:3:14
# text = The loss to the bards was direct, by the withdrawal of so much intellect from their ranks, and indirect, by the general substitution of other ideas for those whose ministers they themselves were.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bards	bard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	direct	direct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	withdrawal	withdrawal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	so	so	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	intellect	intellect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	ranks	rank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	indirect	indirect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	by	by	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	general	general	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	substitution	substitution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	_
30	for	for	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	33	det	_	_
32	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	ministers	minister	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nmod	_	_
34	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
35	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	34	nmod:unmarked	_	_
36	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the loss to the bards |  |  |  |  | by the withdrawal of much intellect from bards's ranks; direct *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **indirect** | present |  |  |  |  |  | by the general substitution of other ideas for other ideas for that ministers's ministers | tree rules |
| 3 | **withdraw** |  |  | much intellect from bards's ranks |  |  |  |  | nom withdrawal «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 4 | **substitute** |  | other ideas for other ideas for other ideas's ministers's ministers |  |  |  |  |  | nom substitution «event intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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