---
title: Now, of some of these there have been preserved copies in other late… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: Now, of some of these there have been preserved copies in other later MSS., which differ very little from the copies preserved in the Leabhar na Huidhre, from which we may conclude that these tales had arrived at a fixed state, and a point at which it was considered wrong to interfere with the text.
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3, sentence 2

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Now, of some of these there have been preserved copies in other later MSS., which differ very little from the copies preserved in the Leabhar na Huidhre, from which we may conclude that these tales had arrived at a fixed state, and a point at which it was considered wrong to interfere with the text.

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**Who acts:** we · **What happens:** preserve, differ, conclude, arrive, fix, consider · **To what, where:** some, other MSS, little, copies, Leabhar na Huidhre, tales

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:3:2
# text = Now, of some of these there have been preserved copies in other later MSS., which differ very little from the copies preserved in the Leabhar na Huidhre, from which we may conclude that these tales had arrived at a fixed state, and a point at which it was considered wrong to interfere with the text.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	nmod	_	_
7	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	10	expl	_	_
8	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	copies	copy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	15	advmod	_	_
15	MSS	MSS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	differ	differ	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
20	very	very	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	obl:unmarked	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	copies	copy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
25	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	acl	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
28	Leabhar	Leabhar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
29	na	na	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	Huidhre	Huidhre	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
32	from	from	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	36	obl	_	_
34	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
35	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	_
36	conclude	conclude	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	conj	_	_
37	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	41	mark	_	_
38	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	39	det	_	_
39	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	nsubj:pass	_	_
40	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
41	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	36	ccomp	_	_
42	at	at	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
43	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
44	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	45	amod	_	_
45	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	55	punct	_	_
47	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	55	cc	_	_
48	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	nsubj:outer	_	_
50	at	at	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
51	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	54	obl	_	_
52	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	54	nsubj:pass	_	_
53	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	54	aux:pass	_	_
54	considered	consider	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	49	acl:relcl	_	_
55	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	conj	_	_
56	to	to	PART	TO	_	57	mark	_	_
57	interfere	interfere	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	55	csubj	_	_
58	with	with	ADP	IN	_	60	case	_	_
59	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	60	det	_	_
60	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preserve** | present · perfect · passive |  | some of these |  | other MSS; there | now | copies *obj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **differ** | present |  | little |  |  |  | from the copies; which *nsubj* | vn differ-23.4 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme from copy=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **preserve** | participle |  | the copies *not said here* |  | the Leabhar na Huidhre |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **conclude** | may | we |  |  |  |  | which *obl* | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 5 | **arrive** | past · perfect · passive |  | this tales |  | a fixed state |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **fix** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 7 | **consider** | past · passive |  | point |  | a point |  |  | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute |
| 8 | **interfere** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with the text | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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