---
title: In agriculture, laws, customs, and modes of literary composition, pr… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: In agriculture, laws, customs, and modes of literary composition, primitive and simple societies are very adverse to change. Who acts: simple societies. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3, with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3, sentence 26

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In agriculture, laws, customs, and modes of literary composition, primitive and simple societies are very adverse to change.

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**Who acts:** simple societies · **What happens:** be, change · **To what, where:** agriculture

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (simple societies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:3:26
# text = In agriculture, laws, customs, and modes of literary composition, primitive and simple societies are very adverse to change.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	customs	custom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	modes	mode	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	literary	literary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	composition	composition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	primitive	primitive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
16	simple	simple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	societies	society	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
18	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
19	very	very	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	adverse	adverse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | simple societies |  |  |  |  | adverse *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **change** | to-infinitive | simple societies *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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