---
title: I have not met a single tale, whether in verse or prose, in which it… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: I have not met a single tale, whether in verse or prose, in which it is not clearly seen that the author was not following authorities before him. Who acts: I, author. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3, with its dependenc
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3, sentence 34

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I have not met a single tale, whether in verse or prose, in which it is not clearly seen that the author was not following authorities before him.

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**Who acts:** I, author · **What happens:** not meet, not see, not follow · **To what, where:** single tale, verse, prose, authorities

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, author), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:3:34
# text = I have not met a single tale, whether in verse or prose, in which it is not clearly seen that the author was not following authorities before him.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	met	meet	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	verse	verse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	prose	prose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	obl	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
20	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
22	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	author	author	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
26	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	27	advmod	_	_
27	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	advcl	_	_
28	authorities	authority	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	_
29	before	before	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **meet** | present · perfect | I | a single tale |  | verse or prose |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tale=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **not** **see** | present · passive |  | prose |  |  |  | which *obl*; clearly *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 3 | **not** **follow** | past · progressive | the author | authorities |  |  | before Christianity |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent authority=Theme before he=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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