---
title: At one stage he observes that the books are at variance on a certain… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: At one stage he observes that the books are at variance on a certain point, namely, that at which Cuculain, Conal the Victorious, and Laery Buada go to the lake of Uath in order to be judged by him. Who acts: Bricrind, books, that. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grad
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3, sentence 5

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At one stage he observes that the books are at variance on a certain point, namely, that at which Cuculain, Conal the Victorious, and Laery Buada go to the lake of Uath in order to be judged by him.

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**Who acts:** Bricrind, books, that · **What happens:** observe, be, go, judge · **To what, where:** one stage, variance, lake

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bricrind, books, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:3:5
# text = At one stage he observes that the books are at variance on a certain point, namely, that at which Cuculain, Conal the Victorious, and Laery Buada go to the lake of Uath in order to be judged by him.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	stage	stage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	observes	observe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	variance	variance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	ccomp	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	namely	namely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	31	nsubj	_	_
20	at	at	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	31	obl	_	_
22	Cuculain	Cuculain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	Conal	Conal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	Victorious	Victorious	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
29	Laery	Laery	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	Buada	Buada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
31	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
32	to	to	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	Uath	Uath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
37	in	in	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	41	mark	_	_
38	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	fixed	_	_
39	to	to	PART	TO	_	41	mark	_	_
40	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	41	aux:pass	_	_
41	judged	judge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	advcl	_	_
42	by	by	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | present | Bricrind |  |  | one stage |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | the books |  |  | variance |  | on a certain point | tree rules |
| 3 | **go** | infinitive | that |  |  | the lake of Uath |  | which *obl*; Cuculain and Conal and Laery Buada *nsubj* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to lake=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **judge** | to-infinitive · passive | Bricrind |  |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V whether/if S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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