---
title: Educated Irishmen are ignorant of, and indifferent to, their history… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: Educated Irishmen are ignorant of, and indifferent to, their history; yet from the hold of that history they cannot shake themselves free. Who acts: Educated Irishmen, Irishmen. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4, with its
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4, sentence 1

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Educated Irishmen are ignorant of, and indifferent to, their history; yet from the hold of that history they cannot shake themselves free.

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**Who acts:** Educated Irishmen, Irishmen · **What happens:** be, not shake, hold · **To what, where:** Irishmen, history

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Educated Irishmen, Irishmen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:4:1
# text = Educated Irishmen are ignorant of, and indifferent to, their history; yet from the hold of that history they cannot shake themselves free.
1	Educated	educated	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Irishmen	irishman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	ignorant	ignorant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	indifferent	indifferent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
14	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	hold	hold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	20	det	_	_
20	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
22	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	24	advmod	_	_
24	shake	shake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	parataxis	_	_
25	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	24	obj	_	_
26	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Educated Irishmen |  |  |  |  | Irishmen's history *conj*; the hold of that history *conj*; ignorant *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Educated Irishmen *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **shake** | can | Irishmen *= irishman* | Irishmen *= irishman* |  |  |  | free *property* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent themselves=Patient |
| 4 | **hold** |  |  | that history |  |  |  |  | nom hold «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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