---
title: "Alone in defence of the Ultonians, Solitary keeping ward over the p… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: "Alone in defence of the Ultonians, Solitary keeping ward over the province" A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4, sentence 66

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"Alone in defence of the Ultonians, Solitary keeping ward over the province"

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**What happens:** keep, defend · **To what, where:** defence, Ultonians

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:4:66
# text = "Alone in defence of the Ultonians, Solitary keeping ward over the province"
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	defence	defence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Ultonians	Ultonian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	Solitary	solitary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	amod	_	_
11	ward	ward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
12	over	over	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	province	province	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **defend** *in a quote* |  |  | the Ultonians |  |  |  |  | nom defence «process transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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