---
title: But that there was in the country, in very early times, a high and r… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: But that there was in the country, in very early times, a high and rare poetic culture of the lyric kind, native in its character, ethnic in origin, unaffected by scholastic culture which, as we know, took a different direction; that one exquisite poem, in which the father of Ossian praises the beau
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4, sentence 78

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But that there was in the country, in very early times, a high and rare poetic culture of the lyric kind, native in its character, ethnic in origin, unaffected by scholastic culture which, as we know, took a different direction; that one exquisite poem, in which the father of Ossian praises the beauty of the springtime in anapaestic \[Note: Cettemain \| cain ree!

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**Who acts:** we, scholastic culture, that, father · **What happens:** be, know, take, poem, praise · **To what, where:** high poetic culture, different direction, beauty, one exquisite poem

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, scholastic culture, that, father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:4:78
# text = But that there was in the country, in very early times, a high and rare poetic culture of the lyric kind, native in its character, ethnic in origin, unaffected by scholastic culture which, as we know, took a different direction; that one exquisite poem, in which the father of Ossian praises the beauty of the springtime in anapaestic [Note: Cettemain | cain ree!
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
2	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	4	expl	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
15	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	_
18	poetic	poetic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	culture	culture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	lyric	lyric	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	character	character	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	parataxis	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	origin	origin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
34	unaffected	unaffected	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	conj	_	_
35	by	by	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	scholastic	scholastic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	culture	culture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
38	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	44	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
40	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	42	mark	_	_
41	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	42	nsubj	_	_
42	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	44	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
44	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	acl:relcl	_	_
45	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
46	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	47	amod	_	_
47	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	52	punct	_	_
49	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	52	nsubj	_	_
50	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	52	nummod	_	_
51	exquisite	exquisite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	52	amod	_	_
52	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	60	punct	_	_
54	in	in	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
55	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	60	obl	_	_
56	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	57	det	_	_
57	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	nsubj	_	_
58	of	of	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
59	Ossian	Ossian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	57	nmod	_	_
60	praises	praise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	52	acl:relcl	_	_
61	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	62	det	_	_
62	beauty	beauty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	obj	_	_
63	of	of	ADP	IN	_	65	case	_	_
64	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	65	det	_	_
65	springtime	springtime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	62	nmod	_	_
66	in	in	ADP	IN	_	69	case	_	_
67	anapaestic	anapaestic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	69	amod	_	_
68	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	69	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
69	Note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	65	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
70	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	71	punct	_	_
71	Cettemain	Cettemain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	74	nmod:poss	_	_
72	|	|	PART	POS	_	71	case	_	_
73	cain	cain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	74	compound	_	_
74	ree	ree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
75	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | a high poetic culture and one exquisite poem |  |  |  | of the lyric kind | tree rules |
| 2 | **know** | present | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **take** | past | scholastic culture | a different direction |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent direction=Theme |
| 4 | **poem** |  | that |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **praise** | present | the father of Ossian | the beauty of the springtime in anapaestic Note |  | one exquisite poem |  | Cettemain's cain ree *obj* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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