---
title: Indeed, without reading all or many, we will not understand the supe… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: Indeed, without reading all or many, we will not understand the superficial meaning of even one. Who acts: we. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4, sentence 85

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Indeed, without reading all or many, we will not understand the superficial meaning of even one.

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**Who acts:** we · **What happens:** read, not understand · **To what, where:** all, superficial meaning

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:4:85
# text = Indeed, without reading all or many, we will not understand the superficial meaning of even one.
1	Indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	reading	read	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
9	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	understand	understand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	superficial	superficial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	meaning	meaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	even	even	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | gerund | we *not said here* | all |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent all=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **understand** | future | we | the superficial meaning of one |  |  |  | indeed *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer meaning=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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