---
title: For instance, in one of the many histories of Cuculain's many battle… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: For instance, in one of the many histories of Cuculain's many battles, we read this-- Who acts: we, Cuculain. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4, sentence 86

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For instance, in one of the many histories of Cuculain's many battles, we read this--

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**Who acts:** we, Cuculain · **What happens:** read, battle · **To what, where:** this

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, Cuculain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:4:86
# text = For instance, in one of the many histories of Cuculain's many battles, we read this--
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	instance	instance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	histories	history	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	Cuculain	Cuculain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	battles	battle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
16	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
18	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | we | this |  |  |  | for instance | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Topic |
| 2 | **battle** |  | Cuculain |  |  |  |  |  | nom battle «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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