---
title: "We, the Fianna of Erin, never uttered falsehood, Lying was never at… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: "We, the Fianna of Erin, never uttered falsehood, Lying was never attributed to us; By courage and the strength of our hands We used to come out of every difficulty." Who acts: We. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4, with 
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4, sentence 95

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"We, the Fianna of Erin, never uttered falsehood, Lying was never attributed to us; By courage and the strength of our hands We used to come out of every difficulty."

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**Who acts:** We · **What happens:** not utter, not attribute, use, come out · **To what, where:** Fianna, us, strength, difficulty

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:4:95
# text = "We, the Fianna of Erin, never uttered falsehood, Lying was never attributed to us; By courage and the strength of our hands We used to come out of every difficulty."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Fianna	Fianna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Erin	Erin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	uttered	utter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	falsehood	falsehood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	Lying	Lying	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	flat	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
15	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	attributed	attribute	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
20	By	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	parataxis	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	_
28	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	acl:relcl	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
31	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	xcomp	_	_
32	out	out	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	35	det	_	_
35	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **utter** *speech: other* *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **attribute** *in a quote* | past · passive |  | the Fianna  We of Erin | us |  |  | courage and the strength of our hands *parataxis* | tree rules |
| 3 | **use** *in a quote* | past | We | the strength of our hands *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent strength=Theme clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **come out** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | every difficulty |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient difficulty=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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