---
title: Strange to say, too, they inculcated chastity (see p. 257; vol. i.),… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: Strange to say, too, they inculcated chastity (see p. 257; vol. i.), an allusion taken from the "youthful adventures of Cuculain," Leabhar na Huidhre. Who acts: bard. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5, with its dependency
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5, sentence 2

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Strange to say, too, they inculcated chastity (see p. 257; vol. i.), an allusion taken from the "youthful adventures of Cuculain," Leabhar na Huidhre.

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**Who acts:** bard · **What happens:** say, inculcate, see, take, adventure · **To what, where:** chastity, p., allusion, youthful adventures, Cuculain · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bard), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:5:2
# text = Strange to say, too, they inculcated chastity (see p. 257; vol. i.), an allusion taken from the "youthful adventures of Cuculain," Leabhar na Huidhre.
1	Strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	too	too	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	inculcated	inculcate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	chastity	chastity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
12	p.	P.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	257	257	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	vol.	vol.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
16	i.	i.	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	15	flat:foreign	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	allusion	allusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
21	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
24	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	youthful	youthful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	adventures	adventure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Cuculain	Cuculain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	31	punct	_	_
31	Leabhar	Leabhar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
32	na	na	ADV	GW	Typo=Yes	31	flat:foreign	_	_
33	Huidhre	Huidhre	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	goeswith	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | vol. and a allusion *parataxis* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **inculcate** | past | bard | chastity |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **see** | infinitive | bard *not said here* | p. |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer p.=Stimulus |
| 4 | **take** | participle |  | a allusion *not said here* |  | the youthful adventures of Cuculain  Leabhar |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent from adventure=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **adventure** *in a quote* |  |  | Cuculain |  |  |  |  | nom adventure «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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