---
title: Either not seeing the literary necessity of definiteness, or having… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: Either not seeing the literary necessity of definiteness, or having no such abundant and ordered literature as we possess, upon which to draw for details, and being too conscientious to invent facts, however he might invent language, he published his epics of Ossian--false indeed to the original, bu
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5, sentence 21

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Either not seeing the literary necessity of definiteness, or having no such abundant and ordered literature as we possess, upon which to draw for details, and being too conscientious to invent facts, however he might invent language, he published his epics of Ossian--false indeed to the original, but true to himself, and to the feelings excited by meditation upon them.

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**Who acts:** we, literature · **What happens:** not see, have, possess, draw, be, invent · **To what, where:** literary necessity, such abundant literature, facts, language, epics

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, literature), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:5:21
# text = Either not seeing the literary necessity of definiteness, or having no such abundant and ordered literature as we possess, upon which to draw for details, and being too conscientious to invent facts, however he might invent language, he published his epics of Ossian--false indeed to the original, but true to himself, and to the feelings excited by meditation upon them.
1	Either	either	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc:preconj	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	literary	literary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	necessity	necessity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	definiteness	definiteness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
12	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	17	det	_	_
13	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
14	abundant	abundant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	ordered	ordered	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	_
17	literature	literature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
18	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
19	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	possess	possess	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	obl	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	draw	draw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	conj	_	_
26	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	details	detail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
30	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	32	cop	_	_
31	too	too	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
32	conscientious	conscientious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	_
33	to	to	PART	TO	_	34	mark	_	_
34	invent	invent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	xcomp	_	_
35	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
37	however	however	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
38	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
39	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	40	aux	_	_
40	invent	invent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	34	conj	_	_
41	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
43	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	44	nsubj	_	_
44	published	publish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	advcl	_	_
45	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	46	nmod:poss	_	_
46	epics	epic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	obj	_	_
47	of	of	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
48	Ossian	Ossian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	46	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	parataxis	_	_
51	indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	44	advmod	_	_
52	to	to	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
53	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	54	det	_	_
54	original	original	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	51	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	57	punct	_	_
56	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	57	cc	_	_
57	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	parataxis	_	_
58	to	to	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
59	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	57	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	65	punct	_	_
61	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	65	cc	_	_
62	to	to	ADP	IN	_	64	case	_	_
63	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	64	det	_	_
64	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	65	obl	_	_
65	excited	excited	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	57	conj	_	_
66	by	by	ADP	IN	_	67	case	_	_
67	meditation	meditation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	65	obl	_	_
68	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	69	case	_	_
69	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	67	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
70	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **see** | gerund |  | the literary necessity of definiteness |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer necessity=Stimulus |
| 2 | **have** | gerund |  | no such abundant literature |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent literature=Patient |
| 3 | **possess** | present | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 4 | **draw** | to-infinitive | we *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for details; which *obl* | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for detail=Beneficiary |
| 5 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | conscientious *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **invent** | to-infinitive |  | facts |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Result |
| 7 | **invent** | might | literature | language |  |  |  | however *property* | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Result |
| 8 | **publish** | past | literature | literature's epics of Ossian |  |  |  | indeed *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent epic=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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