---
title: This done, he had not sufficient courage to publish also the rude, h… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: This done, he had not sufficient courage to publish also the rude, homely, and often vulgar ballads--a step which, in that hard critical age, would have been to expose himself and his country to swift contempt. Who acts: literature, step. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5, sentence 22

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This done, he had not sufficient courage to publish also the rude, homely, and often vulgar ballads--a step which, in that hard critical age, would have been to expose himself and his country to swift contempt.

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**Who acts:** literature, step · **What happens:** do, have, publish, be, swift · **To what, where:** This, sufficient courage, rude vulgar ballads, hard critical age, contempt

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (literature, step), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:5:22
# text = This done, he had not sufficient courage to publish also the rude, homely, and often vulgar ballads--a step which, in that hard critical age, would have been to expose himself and his country to swift contempt.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
7	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	publish	publish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl	_	_
11	also	also	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
13	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	homely	homely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	often	often	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
19	vulgar	vulgar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	ballads	ballad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	_
24	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	36	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
27	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	30	nsubj	_	_
28	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
29	critical	critical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
32	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	_
33	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	36	aux	_	_
34	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	36	cop	_	_
35	to	to	PART	TO	_	36	mark	_	_
36	expose	expose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	acl:relcl	_	_
37	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	36	obj	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
39	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	40	nmod:poss	_	_
40	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	conj	_	_
41	to	to	PART	TO	_	42	mark	_	_
42	swift	swift	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	40	acl	_	_
43	contempt	contempt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | participle · passive |  | This |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 2 | **have** | past | literature | sufficient courage |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Patient |
| 3 | **publish** | to-infinitive | literature *not said here* | the rude vulgar ballads |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ballad=Result |
| 4 | **is** | would · perfect | a step |  |  |  | in hard critical age  that | literature *obj*; expose *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **swift** | to-infinitive | a step *not said here* | contempt |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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