---
title: Chapter xii., however, is a translation from the original. — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: Chapter xii., however, is a translation from the original. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5, sentence 33

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Chapter xii., however, is a translation from the original.

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**What happens:** be · **To what, where:** translation, original, Chapter xii

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:5:33
# text = Chapter xii., however, is a translation from the original.
1	Chapter	chapter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	xii	xii	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	however	however	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	original	original	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a translation |  | the original |  | however *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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