---
title: [Note: P. 155; vol. i.] Goll Mac Morna, in the Fenian or Ossianic cy… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: [Note: P. 155; vol. i.] Goll Mac Morna, in the Fenian or Ossianic cycle, declares to Conn Cedcathah [Note: Conn of the hundred battles.] that from his youth up he never attacked an enemy by night or under any disadvantage, and many times we read of heroes preferring to die rather than outrage their 
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5, sentence 7

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\[Note: P. 155; vol. i.\] Goll Mac Morna, in the Fenian or Ossianic cycle, declares to Conn Cedcathah \[Note: Conn of the hundred battles.\] that from his youth up he never attacked an enemy by night or under any disadvantage, and many times we read of heroes preferring to die rather than outrage their geisa.

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**Who acts:** Note, we, heroes · **What happens:** declare, not attack, read, prefer, die, outrage · **To what, where:** enemy, many times, geisa

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Note, we, heroes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:5:7
# text = [Note: P. 155; vol. i.] Goll Mac Morna, in the Fenian or Ossianic cycle, declares to Conn Cedcathah [Note: Conn of the hundred battles.] that from his youth up he never attacked an enemy by night or under any disadvantage, and many times we read of heroes preferring to die rather than outrage their geisa.
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	P.	P.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:unmarked	_	_
5	155	155	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	vol.	vol.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
8	i.	i.	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	7	dep	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	_
10	Goll	Goll	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Mac	Mac	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Morna	Morna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Fenian	Fenian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	Ossianic	Ossianic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	cycle	cycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
21	declares	declare	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
23	Conn	Conn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
24	Cedcathah	Cedcathah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	flat	_	_
25	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	Note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
28	Conn	Conn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	appos	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	32	nummod	_	_
32	battles	battle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	21	punct	_	_
35	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	38	nsubj	_	_
36	from	from	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	parataxis	_	_
39	up	up	ADP	IN	_	42	mark	_	_
40	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	nsubj	_	_
41	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	42	advmod	_	_
42	attacked	attack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	38	acl:relcl	_	_
43	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obj	_	_
45	by	by	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
46	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nmod	_	_
47	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
48	under	under	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	50	det	_	_
50	disadvantage	disadvantage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
52	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	54	cc	_	_
53	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	54	amod	_	_
54	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	appos	_	_
55	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	56	nsubj	_	_
56	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	54	acl:relcl	_	_
57	of	of	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
58	heroes	hero	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	56	obl	_	_
59	preferring	prefer	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	58	acl	_	_
60	to	to	PART	TO	_	61	mark	_	_
61	die	die	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	59	xcomp	_	_
62	rather	rather	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	64	cc	_	_
63	than	than	ADP	IN	_	62	fixed	_	_
64	outrage	outrage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	61	conj	_	_
65	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	66	nmod:poss	_	_
66	geisa	geisa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	64	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
67	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | present | Note |  |  |  |  | Conn Note *ccomp*; note's youth  that *parataxis* | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **attack** | past | note | a enemy or any disadvantage |  |  | by night |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Patient |
| 3 | **read** | past | we | many times *not said here* |  |  |  | of heroes | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent time=Topic |
| 4 | **prefer** | gerund | heroes *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 5 | **die** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | heroes *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 6 | **outrage** | infinitive | heroes *not said here* | heroes's geisa |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus geisa=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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