---
title: The bardic poems relating to the heroes of the ethnic times are fill… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: The bardic poems relating to the heroes of the ethnic times are filled with allusions to Ogham inscriptions on stone, and contain some references to books of timber; but in my own reading I have not met with a single passage in that literature alluding to books of parchment and to rounded letters. W
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5, sentence 73

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The bardic poems relating to the heroes of the ethnic times are filled with allusions to Ogham inscriptions on stone, and contain some references to books of timber; but in my own reading I have not met with a single passage in that literature alluding to books of parchment and to rounded letters.

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**Who acts:** bardic poems, I, literature, my · **What happens:** relate, fill, contain, not meet, allude, round · **To what, where:** bardic poems, references, own reading

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bardic poems, I, literature, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:5:73
# text = The bardic poems relating to the heroes of the ethnic times are filled with allusions to Ogham inscriptions on stone, and contain some references to books of timber; but in my own reading I have not met with a single passage in that literature alluding to books of parchment and to rounded letters.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bardic	bardic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	poems	poem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	relating	relate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	heroes	hero	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	allusions	allusion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	Ogham	Ogham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	inscriptions	inscription	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	contain	contain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
24	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	25	det	_	_
25	references	reference	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	timber	timber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
31	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
33	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
34	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obl	_	_
36	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	39	nsubj	_	_
37	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
38	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	39	advmod	_	_
39	met	meet	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	conj	_	_
40	with	with	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
41	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
42	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obl	_	_
44	in	in	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	46	det	_	_
46	literature	literature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nmod	_	_
47	alluding	allude	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	46	acl	_	_
48	to	to	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
49	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	47	obl	_	_
50	of	of	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
51	parchment	parchment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	nmod	_	_
52	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	55	cc	_	_
53	to	to	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
54	rounded	round	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	55	amod	_	_
55	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	49	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **relate** | gerund | the bardic poems *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the heroes of the ethnic times | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to hero=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **fill** | present · passive |  | the bardic poems |  |  |  | with allusions to Ogham inscriptions on stone | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with allusion=Instrument |
| 3 | **contain** | infinitive |  | some references |  |  |  | to books of timber | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot reference=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **meet** | present · perfect | I |  |  | my own reading |  | with a single passage in that literature | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with passage=Co-Agent |
| 5 | **allude** | gerund | that literature *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to books of parchment and rounded letters | tree rules |
| 6 | **round** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 7 | **read** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom reading «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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