---
title: If the Ogham was derived from the Roman characters introduced by Chr… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: If the Ogham was derived from the Roman characters introduced by Christian missionaries, then these characters would be the more ancient, and Ogham the more modern; books and Roman characters would be the more poetical, and inscriptions on stone and timber in the Ogham characters the more prosaic. W
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5, sentence 74

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If the Ogham was derived from the Roman characters introduced by Christian missionaries, then these characters would be the more ancient, and Ogham the more modern; books and Roman characters would be the more poetical, and inscriptions on stone and timber in the Ogham characters the more prosaic.

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**Who acts:** characters, books · **What happens:** derive, introduce, be · **To what, where:** Ogham, Roman characters

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (characters, books), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:5:74
# text = If the Ogham was derived from the Roman characters introduced by Christian missionaries, then these characters would be the more ancient, and Ogham the more modern; books and Roman characters would be the more poetical, and inscriptions on stone and timber in the Ogham characters the more prosaic.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Ogham	Ogham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	derived	derive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	characters	character	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	introduced	introduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	missionaries	missionary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
15	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	22	advmod	_	_
16	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	17	det	_	_
17	characters	character	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
18	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
19	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	cop	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	22	advmod	_	_
22	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
25	Ogham	Ogham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	28	advmod	_	_
28	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	38	punct	_	_
30	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	nsubj	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
32	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	characters	character	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	conj	_	_
34	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	38	aux	_	_
35	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	38	cop	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	38	advmod	_	_
38	poetical	poetical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
41	inscriptions	inscription	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	appos	_	_
42	on	on	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nmod	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
45	timber	timber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	conj	_	_
46	in	in	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
48	Ogham	Ogham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	49	compound	_	_
49	characters	character	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	conj	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
51	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	52	advmod	_	_
52	prosaic	prosaic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	49	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **derive** | past · passive |  | the Ogham |  | the Roman characters |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: subject=Result from character=Material |
| 2 | **introduce** | participle |  | the Roman characters *not said here* |  |  |  | by Christian missionaries | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | would | this characters |  |  |  | then | ancient *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | would | books and Roman characters |  |  |  |  | inscriptions on stone and timber and the Ogham characters *appos*; poetical *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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