---
title: As Homer does not allude to writing, though all scholars agree that… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: As Homer does not allude to writing, though all scholars agree that he lived in a lettered age, so the old bards do not allude to parchment and Roman characters, though the Irish epics, as distinguished from their component parts, reached their fixed state and their final development in times subseq
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5, sentence 78

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As Homer does not allude to writing, though all scholars agree that he lived in a lettered age, so the old bards do not allude to parchment and Roman characters, though the Irish epics, as distinguished from their component parts, reached their fixed state and their final development in times subsequent to the introduction of Christianity.

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**Who acts:** Homer, scholars, old bards, bard · **What happens:** not allude, agree, live, letter, distinguish, reach · **To what, where:** lettered age, Irish epics, fixed state, Christianity

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Homer, scholars, old bards, bard), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:5:78
# text = As Homer does not allude to writing, though all scholars agree that he lived in a lettered age, so the old bards do not allude to parchment and Roman characters, though the Irish epics, as distinguished from their component parts, reached their fixed state and their final development in times subsequent to the introduction of Christianity.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	Homer	Homer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	allude	allude	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	scholars	scholar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	agree	agree	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	lettered	letter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	amod	_	_
19	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
21	so	so	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	bards	bard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj	_	_
25	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
26	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	27	advmod	_	_
27	allude	allude	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	parchment	parchment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	characters	character	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
34	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	37	mark	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	epics	epic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
39	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	40	mark	_	_
40	distinguished	distinguish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	37	acl	_	_
41	from	from	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
42	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	44	nmod:poss	_	_
43	component	component	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	compound	_	_
44	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
46	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	conj	_	_
47	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	49	nmod:poss	_	_
48	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	49	amod	_	_
49	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obj	_	_
50	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	53	cc	_	_
51	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	53	nmod:poss	_	_
52	final	final	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	53	amod	_	_
53	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	conj	_	_
54	in	in	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
55	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	obl	_	_
56	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	parataxis	_	_
57	to	to	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
58	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	59	det	_	_
59	introduction	introduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	obl	_	_
60	of	of	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
61	Christianity	Christianity	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	59	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **allude** | present · do-support | Homer |  |  |  |  | to writing | tree rules |
| 2 | **agree** *speech: agree* | present | all scholars |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **live** | past | Homer |  |  |  | in a lettered age |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in age=Location |
| 4 | **letter** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **not** **allude** | present · do-support | the old bards |  |  |  |  | to parchment and Roman characters; the Irish epics *conj* | tree rules |
| 6 | **distinguish** | participle |  | the Irish epics *not said here* |  |  |  | from bard's component parts | vn distinguish-23.5-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent from part=Co-Theme |
| 7 | **reach** | past | the old bards *not said here* | bard's fixed state and bard's final development |  |  | time |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent state=Theme |
| 8 | **fix** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 9 | **develop** |  | bard |  |  |  |  |  | nom development «act transitive»: poss=agent |
| 10 | **introduce** |  |  | Christianity |  |  |  |  | nom introduction «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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