---
title: Whether the Ogham was a native alphabet or a derivative from another… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: Whether the Ogham was a native alphabet or a derivative from another, it was at first employed only to a limited extent. Who acts: Ogham. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of e
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5, sentence 82

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Whether the Ogham was a native alphabet or a derivative from another, it was at first employed only to a limited extent.

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**Who acts:** Ogham · **What happens:** be, employ · **To what, where:** native alphabet, derivative

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ogham), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:5:82
# text = Whether the Ogham was a native alphabet or a derivative from another, it was at first employed only to a limited extent.
1	Whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Ogham	Ogham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	advcl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	derivative	derivative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
16	at	at	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	18	obl	_	_
18	employed	employ	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
19	only	only	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	limited	limited	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	extent	extent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the Ogham | a native alphabet or a derivative from another |  |  |  | a derivative from another *conj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **employ** | past · passive |  | derivative |  |  |  | to a limited extent | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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