---
title: For to read the originals aright needs many years of labour, the Iri… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: For to read the originals aright needs many years of labour, the Irish tongue presenting at different epochs the characteristics of distinct languages, while the peculiarities of ancient caligraphy, in the defaced and illegible manuscripts, form of themselves quite a large department of study. Who a
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 6, sentence 49

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For to read the originals aright needs many years of labour, the Irish tongue presenting at different epochs the characteristics of distinct languages, while the peculiarities of ancient caligraphy, in the defaced and illegible manuscripts, form of themselves quite a large department of study.

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**Who acts:** aright, Irish tongue · **What happens:** read, need, present, deface, form · **To what, where:** originals, defaced manuscripts, different epochs, manuscripts

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (aright, Irish tongue), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:6:49
# text = For to read the originals aright needs many years of labour, the Irish tongue presenting at different epochs the characteristics of distinct languages, while the peculiarities of ancient caligraphy, in the defaced and illegible manuscripts, form of themselves quite a large department of study.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	read	read	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	originals	original	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	aright	aright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	nsubj	_	_
7	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	labour	labour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
16	presenting	present	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	acl	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	epochs	epoch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	distinct	distinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	peculiarities	peculiarity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	caligraphy	caligraphy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
35	defaced	deface	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	38	amod	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	illegible	illegible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	conj	_	_
38	manuscripts	manuscript	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
40	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	appos	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	40	nmod	_	_
43	quite	quite	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	46	det:predet	_	_
44	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
45	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	amod	_	_
46	department	department	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
47	of	of	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
48	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | to-infinitive |  | the originals |  | the defaced manuscripts |  | the peculiarities of ancient caligraphy *obl*; quite large department of study *parataxis* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent original=Topic |
| 2 | **need** | present | aright | the originals *not said here* |  |  | year |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot original=Theme |
| 3 | **present** | gerund | the Irish tongue *not said here* |  |  | different epochs and the characteristics of distinct languages |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **deface** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **form** |  |  | manuscripts *= manuscript* |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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