---
title: When Cuculain came down into Meath on his first [Note: Vol. I., page… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: When Cuculain came down into Meath on his first [Note: Vol. I., page 155.] foray, he found, on the lawn of the Dun of the sons of Nectan, a pillar stone with this inscription in Ogham--"Let no one pass without an offer of a challenge of single combat." Who acts: Cuculain. A sentence of «Early Bardic
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 6, sentence 5

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When Cuculain came down into Meath on his first \[Note: Vol. I., page 155.\] foray, he found, on the lawn of the Dun of the sons of Nectan, a pillar stone with this inscription in Ogham--"Let no one pass without an offer of a challenge of single combat."

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**Who acts:** Cuculain · **What happens:** come down, find, let, note, offer, challenge · **To what, where:** Meath, lawn, one pass, challenge, single combat · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cuculain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:6:5
# text = When Cuculain came down into Meath on his first [Note: Vol. I., page 155.] foray, he found, on the lawn of the Dun of the sons of Nectan, a pillar stone with this inscription in Ogham--"Let no one pass without an offer of a challenge of single combat."
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	Cuculain	Cuculain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	advcl	_	_
4	down	down	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Meath	Meath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
9	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	11	amod	_	_
10	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
13	Vol.	vol.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	_
14	I.	I.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
17	155	155	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	_
20	foray	foray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	on	on	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	lawn	lawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	Dun	Dun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	Nectan	Nectan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
37	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
38	pillar	pillar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	compound	_	_
39	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	appos	_	_
40	with	with	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	42	det	_	_
42	inscription	inscription	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	_
43	in	in	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	Ogham	Ogham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	47	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	Let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	ccomp	_	_
48	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	50	det	_	_
49	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	compound	_	_
50	pass	pass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	obj	_	_
51	without	without	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
52	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
53	offer	offer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	obl	_	_
54	of	of	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
55	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	56	det	_	_
56	challenge	challenge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	nmod	_	_
57	of	of	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
58	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	59	amod	_	_
59	combat	combat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	47	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	47	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come down** | past | Cuculain |  |  | Meath |  | on Cuculain's first Note; down *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into meath=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **find** | past | Cuculain | the lawn of the Dun of the sons of Nectan |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent lawn=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 3 | **let** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | no one pass |  |  |  | without a offer of a challenge of single combat | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pass=Theme |
| 4 | **note** |  | Cuculain |  |  |  |  |  | nom note «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
| 5 | **offer** *in a quote* |  |  | a challenge of single combat |  |  |  |  | nom offer «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 6 | **challenge** *in a quote* |  |  | single combat |  |  |  |  | nom challenge «state transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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