---
title: They all represent antique heroes and heroines, their names being pr… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: They all represent antique heroes and heroines, their names being preserved in connection with those monuments which were raised for purposes of sepulture or cult. Who acts: sons, sepulture. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Age of the Nemedian Gods and Second Cy
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Age of the Nemedian Gods and Second Cycle of the Fomorians., sentence 4

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They all represent antique heroes and heroines, their names being preserved in connection with those monuments which were raised for purposes of sepulture or cult.

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**Who acts:** sons, sepulture · **What happens:** represent, preserve, raise, name, purpose · **To what, where:** antique heroes, names, connection, monuments

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Age of the Nemedian Gods and Second Cycle of the Fomorians.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sons, sepulture), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:9:4
# text = They all represent antique heroes and heroines, their names being preserved in connection with those monuments which were raised for purposes of sepulture or cult.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	advmod	_	_
3	represent	represent	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	antique	antique	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	heroes	hero	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	heroines	heroine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
11	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	connection	connection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	17	det	_	_
17	monuments	monument	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	raised	raise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl:relcl	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	purposes	purpose	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	sepulture	sepulture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	cult	cult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **represent** | present | sons *= son* | antique heroes and heroines and sons's names |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot hero=Theme |
| 2 | **preserve** | gerund · passive |  | sons's names *not said here* |  | connection with that monuments |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING» |
| 3 | **raise** | past · passive |  | that monuments |  |  |  | for purposes of sepulture or cult | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **name** |  | sons *= son* |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
| 5 | **purpose** |  | sepulture or cult |  |  |  |  |  | nom purpose «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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