---
title: In his old age abandoned to die, in the swamps, by his timid compani… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: In his old age abandoned to die, in the swamps, by his timid companions, He prayed to the Virgin on high, and she led him forth from the forest; For angels she sent him as men --in the forms of the tawny Dakotas, And they led his feet from the fen, --from the slough of despond and the desert. Who ac
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, The Feast of the Virgins., part 3, sentence 11

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In his old age abandoned to die, in the swamps, by his timid companions, He prayed to the Virgin on high, and she led him forth from the forest; For angels she sent him as men --in the forms of the tawny Dakotas, And they led his feet from the fen, --from the slough of despond and the desert.

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**Who acts:** name, Latin, Dakotas, slough · **What happens:** abandon, die, pray, lead, send, despond · **To what, where:** old age, name, forest, forms, feet, fen

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Feast of the Virgins., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (name, Latin, Dakotas, slough), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:10:11
# text = In his old age abandoned to die, in the swamps, by his timid companions, He prayed to the Virgin on high, and she led him forth from the forest; For angels she sent him as men --in the forms of the tawny Dakotas, And they led his feet from the fen, --from the slough of despond and the desert.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
5	abandoned	abandon	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	die	die	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	swamps	swamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	timid	timid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	companions	companion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
18	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	prayed	pray	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	Virgin	virgin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
23	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
29	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obj	_	_
30	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
31	from	from	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	38	punct	_	_
35	For	for	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	angels	angel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obl	_	_
37	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	nsubj	_	_
38	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
39	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	obj	_	_
40	as	as	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obl	_	_
42	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	in	in	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obl	_	_
46	of	of	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
48	tawny	tawny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	49	amod	_	_
49	Dakotas	dakota	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
51	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	53	cc	_	_
52	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	53	nsubj	_	_
53	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
54	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	55	nmod:poss	_	_
55	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	53	obj	_	_
56	from	from	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
57	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	58	det	_	_
58	fen	fen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	63	punct	_	_
60	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	63	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	from	from	ADP	IN	_	63	case	_	_
62	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	63	det	_	_
63	slough	slough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	appos	_	_
64	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	65	mark	_	_
65	despond	despond	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	63	acl	_	_
66	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	68	cc	_	_
67	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	68	det	_	_
68	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
69	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abandon** | participle |  | name's old age *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **die** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | in the swamps and name's timid companions | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in swamp=Attribute |
| 3 | **pray** | past | name |  |  |  | in name's old age | to the Virgin; on high | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 4 | **lead** | past | Latin | name |  | the forest |  | forth *property* | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme from forest=Destination |
| 5 | **send** | past | Latin | name |  | the forms of the tawny Dakotas |  | for angels; as men | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme in form=Destination |
| 6 | **lead** | past | Dakotas *= dakota* | name's feet |  | the fen and the desert |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent foot=Theme from fen=Destination |
| 7 | **despond** | infinitive | the slough *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **form** |  |  | the tawny Dakotas |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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