---
title: The Autumn was past and the snow lay drifted and deep on the prairie… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: The Autumn was past and the snow lay drifted and deep on the prairies; From his teepee of ice came the foe --came the storm-breathing god of the winter. Who acts: Autumn, breathing god. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Feast of the Virgins., part 3, with its dep
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, The Feast of the Virgins., part 3, sentence 43

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The Autumn was past and the snow lay drifted and deep on the prairies; From his teepee of ice came the foe --came the storm-breathing god of the winter.

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**Who acts:** Autumn, breathing god · **What happens:** be, drift, come, breathe · **To what, where:** snow, foe, teepee

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Feast of the Virgins., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Autumn, breathing god), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:10:43
# text = The Autumn was past and the snow lay drifted and deep on the prairies; From his teepee of ice came the foe --came the storm-breathing god of the winter.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Autumn	Autumn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	drifted	drift	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	prairies	prairie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
16	From	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	teepee	teepee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	foe	foe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
27	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	breathing	breathe	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	30	amod	_	_
30	god	god	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the Autumn |  |  |  |  | past *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **drift** | past · passive |  | the snow |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Agent |
| 3 | **come** | past |  | the foe |  | name's teepee of ice |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location foe=Theme |
| 4 | **come** | past | the breathing god of the winter |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **breathe** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | storm *compound* | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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