---
title: [a] The Dakotas say the humming-bird comes from the "land of the rai… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: [a] The Dakotas say the humming-bird comes from the "land of the rain-bow." Who acts: Dakotas, humming bird. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Feast of the Virgins., part 5, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, The Feast of the Virgins., part 5, sentence 9

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\[a\] The Dakotas say the humming-bird comes from the "land of the rain-bow."

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**Who acts:** Dakotas, humming bird · **What happens:** say, come · **To what, where:** land · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Feast of the Virgins., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dakotas, humming bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:12:9
# text = [a] The Dakotas say the humming-bird comes from the "land of the rain-bow."
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	advcl	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Dakotas	dakota	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	humming	humming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	bow	bow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Dakotas |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **come** | present | the humming bird |  |  | the land of the rain bow |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from land=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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