---
title: The swift west-wind sang in the sails, and on flew the boat like a S… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: The swift west-wind sang in the sails, and on flew the boat like a Sea-Gull, By the green, templed hills and the dales, and the dark rugged rocks of the North Shore; For the course of the brave Frenchman lay to his fort at the Gáh-mah-na-ték-wáhk, [83] By the shore of the grand Thunder Bay, where th
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, The Feast of the Virgins., part 6, sentence 43

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The swift west-wind sang in the sails, and on flew the boat like a Sea-Gull, By the green, templed hills and the dales, and the dark rugged rocks of the North Shore; For the course of the brave Frenchman lay to his fort at the Gáh-mah-na-ték-wáhk, \[83\] By the shore of the grand Thunder Bay, where the gray rocks loom up into mountains; Where the Stone Giant sleeps on the Cape, and the god of the storms makes the thunder, \[83\] And the Makinak \[83\] lifts his huge shape from the breast of the blue-rolling waters, And thence to the south-westward led his course to the Holy Ghost Mission.

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**Who acts:** swift west wind, dark, gray rocks, Stone Giant sleeps, Makinak · **What happens:** sing, fly, rug, lie, loom up, make · **To what, where:** sails, boat, rocks, 83, na ték wáhk, mountains

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Feast of the Virgins., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (swift west wind, dark, gray rocks, Stone Giant sleeps), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:13:43
# text = The swift west-wind sang in the sails, and on flew the boat like a Sea-Gull, By the green, templed hills and the dales, and the dark rugged rocks of the North Shore; For the course of the brave Frenchman lay to his fort at the Gáh-mah-na-ték-wáhk, [83] By the shore of the grand Thunder Bay, where the gray rocks loom up into mountains; Where the Stone Giant sleeps on the Cape, and the god of the storms makes the thunder, [83] And the Makinak [83] lifts his huge shape from the breast of the blue-rolling waters, And thence to the south-westward led his course to the Holy Ghost Mission.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	swift	swift	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	west	west	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sails	sail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	like	like	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	Sea	Sea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	Gull	Gull	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
22	By	by	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
24	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
26	templed	templed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	dales	dale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
35	rugged	rug	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
36	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obj	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
39	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	compound	_	_
40	Shore	Shore	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	49	punct	_	_
42	For	for	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obl	_	_
45	of	of	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
47	brave	brave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	48	amod	_	_
48	Frenchman	frenchman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nmod	_	_
49	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
50	to	to	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
51	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	52	nmod:poss	_	_
52	fort	fort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obl	_	_
53	at	at	ADP	IN	_	63	case	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	63	det	_	_
55	Gáh	Gáh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	57	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	55	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	mah	mah	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	63	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	57	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	na	na	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	63	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	61	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	ték	ték	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	63	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	61	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
63	wáhk	wáhk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
64	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	66	punct	_	_
65	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	66	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	83	83	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	49	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
67	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	66	punct	_	_
68	By	by	ADP	IN	_	70	case	_	_
69	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	70	det	_	_
70	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obl	_	_
71	of	of	ADP	IN	_	75	case	_	_
72	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	75	det	_	_
73	grand	grand	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	75	amod	_	_
74	Thunder	Thunder	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	75	compound	_	_
75	Bay	Bay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	70	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
76	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	81	punct	_	_
77	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	81	advmod	_	_
78	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	80	det	_	_
79	gray	gray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	80	compound	_	_
80	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	81	nsubj	_	_
81	loom	loom	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	49	parataxis	_	_
82	up	up	ADP	RP	_	81	compound:prt	_	_
83	into	into	ADP	IN	_	84	case	_	_
84	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	81	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
85	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	101	punct	_	_
86	Where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	101	advmod	_	_
87	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	90	det	_	_
88	Stone	Stone	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	90	compound	_	_
89	Giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	90	amod	_	_
90	sleeps	sleep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	101	nsubj	_	_
91	on	on	ADP	IN	_	93	case	_	_
92	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	93	det	_	_
93	Cape	Cape	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	90	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
94	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	97	punct	_	_
95	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	97	cc	_	_
96	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	97	det	_	_
97	god	god	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	93	appos	_	_
98	of	of	ADP	IN	_	100	case	_	_
99	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	100	det	_	_
100	storms	storm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	97	nmod	_	_
101	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	81	parataxis	_	_
102	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	103	det	_	_
103	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	101	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
104	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	106	punct	_	_
105	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	106	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
106	83	83	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	103	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
107	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	106	punct	_	_
108	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	114	cc	_	_
109	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	110	det	_	_
110	Makinak	Makinak	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	114	nsubj	_	_
111	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	112	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
112	83	83	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	110	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
113	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	112	punct	_	_
114	lifts	lift	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	101	conj	_	_
115	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	117	nmod:poss	_	_
116	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	117	amod	_	_
117	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	114	obj	_	_
118	from	from	ADP	IN	_	120	case	_	_
119	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	120	det	_	_
120	breast	breast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	114	obl	_	_
121	of	of	ADP	IN	_	126	case	_	_
122	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	126	det	_	_
123	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	125	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
124	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	123	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
125	rolling	roll	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	126	amod	_	_
126	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	120	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
127	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	135	punct	_	_
128	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	135	cc	_	_
129	thence	thence	ADV	RB	_	135	advmod	_	_
130	to	to	ADP	IN	_	134	case	_	_
131	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	134	det	_	_
132	south	south	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	134	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
133	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	132	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
134	westward	westward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	135	obl	_	_
135	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	49	conj	_	_
136	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	137	nmod:poss	_	_
137	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	135	obj	_	_
138	to	to	ADP	IN	_	142	case	_	_
139	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	142	det	_	_
140	Holy	Holy	PROPN	NNP	_	142	compound	_	_
141	Ghost	Ghost	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	142	compound	_	_
142	Mission	Mission	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	135	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
143	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the swift west wind |  |  | the sails |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sail=Location |
| 2 | **fly** | past |  | the boat |  |  |  | like a Sea Gull; by the green templed hills and the dales | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent boat=Theme by hill=Location |
| 3 | **rug** | past | the dark | rocks of the North Shore |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **lie** | past |  | 83 |  | the na ték wáhk  Gáh mah |  | for the course of the brave Frenchman; to dark's fort; by the shore of the grand Thunder Bay | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at wáhk=Location |
| 5 | **loom up** | present | the gray rocks |  |  | mountains |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **make** | present | the Stone Giant sleeps on the Cape | the thunder |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset thunder=Product |
| 7 | **lift** | present | the Makinak | dark's huge shape |  | the breast of the rolling waters |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent shape=Theme from breast=Destination |
| 8 | **roll** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 9 | **lead** | past |  | dark's course |  | the south westward |  | to the Holy Ghost Mission; thence *property* | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent course=Theme to westward=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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