---
title: All the long, dreary night-time, at bay, in the oak sat the shiverin… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: All the long, dreary night-time, at bay, in the oak sat the shivering Winona; But the sun gleamed at last, and away skulked the gray cowards [c] down through the forest. Who acts: oak, sun. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Feast of the Virgins., part 7, with its
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, The Feast of the Virgins., part 7, sentence 68

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All the long, dreary night-time, at bay, in the oak sat the shivering Winona; But the sun gleamed at last, and away skulked the gray cowards \[c\] down through the forest.

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**Who acts:** oak, sun · **What happens:** sit, shiver, gleam, skulk · **To what, where:** shivering Winona, last, gray cowards, forest

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Feast of the Virgins., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (oak, sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:14:68
# text = All the long, dreary night-time, at bay, in the oak sat the shivering Winona; But the sun gleamed at last, and away skulked the gray cowards [c] down through the forest.
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	8	det:predet	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
3	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	dreary	dreary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	bay	bay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	oak	oak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	shivering	shiver	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	amod	_	_
19	Winona	Winona	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
21	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
24	gleamed	gleam	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	conj	_	_
25	at	at	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
29	away	away	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	skulked	skulk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	gray	gray	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	cowards	coward	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obj	_	_
34	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	c	c	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	35	punct	_	_
37	down	down	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
38	through	through	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | the oak | the shivering Winona |  |  | time |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location winona=Theme |
| 2 | **shiver** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn body\_internal\_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **gleam** | participle | the sun |  |  | last |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at last=Location |
| 4 | **skulk** | past | the oak *not said here* | the gray cowards |  | the forest |  | away, down *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location coward=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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