---
title: [c] Stars, the Dakotas say, are the faces of departed friends and re… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: [c] Stars, the Dakotas say, are the faces of departed friends and relatives on earth. Who acts: c Stars. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Legend., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, The Legend., sentence 25

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\[c\] Stars, the Dakotas say, are the faces of departed friends and relatives on earth.

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**Who acts:** c Stars · **What happens:** say, be, depart · **To what, where:** faces · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Legend.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (c Stars), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:17:25
# text = [c] Stars, the Dakotas say, are the faces of departed friends and relatives on earth.
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	c	c	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Dakotas	dakota	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	ccomp	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	departed	depart	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	relatives	relative	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | c Stars |  |  |  |  | the Dakotas *nsubj* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the faces |  |  |  | of departed friends and relatives on earth | tree rules |
| 3 | **depart** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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