---
title: Ka-be-bón-ík-ka, the mighty, [109] He that sends the cruel winter, H… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: Ka-be-bón-ík-ka, the mighty, [109] He that sends the cruel winter, He that turned to stone the Giant, From the distant Thunder-mountain, Far across broad Gitchee Gumee, Sent his warning of the winter, Sent the white frost and Kewâydin, [1010] Sent the swift and hungry North-wind. Who acts: Ka, 1010.
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 1, sentence 43

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Ka-be-bón-ík-ka, the mighty, \[109\] He that sends the cruel winter, He that turned to stone the Giant, From the distant Thunder-mountain, Far across broad Gitchee Gumee, Sent his warning of the winter, Sent the white frost and Kewâydin, \[1010\] Sent the swift and hungry North-wind.

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**Who acts:** Ka, 1010 · **What happens:** be, send, turn, warn · **To what, where:** bón ík, broad Gitchee, warning, white frost, swift, winter

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ka, 1010), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:18:43
# text = Ka-be-bón-ík-ka, the mighty, [109] He that sends the cruel winter, He that turned to stone the Giant, From the distant Thunder-mountain, Far across broad Gitchee Gumee, Sent his warning of the winter, Sent the white frost and Kewâydin, [1010] Sent the swift and hungry North-wind.
1	Ka	Ka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	bón	bón	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	ík	ík	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	ka	ka	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	109	109	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	_
17	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	sends	send	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
26	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	parataxis	_	_
27	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	Giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
32	From	from	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
34	distant	distant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
35	Thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
39	Far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	42	advmod	_	_
40	across	across	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	broad	broad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
42	Gitchee	Gitchee	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
43	Gumee	Gumee	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
45	Sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	conj	_	_
46	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	47	nmod:poss	_	_
47	warning	warning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	obj	_	_
48	of	of	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
52	Sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	45	conj	_	_
53	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
54	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	55	amod	_	_
55	frost	frost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	obj	_	_
56	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	57	cc	_	_
57	Kewâydin	Kewâydin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	55	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	60	punct	_	_
59	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	60	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	1010	1010	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	62	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	60	punct	_	_
62	Sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	52	conj	_	_
63	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	64	det	_	_
64	swift	swift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	62	obj	_	_
65	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	69	cc	_	_
66	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	69	amod	_	_
67	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	69	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
68	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	67	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
69	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	64	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
70	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | infinitive |  | bón ík |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **send** | present | Ka |  |  |  | winter | that *nsubj* | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **turn** | past | Ka |  |  | broad Gitchee |  | to stone; that *nsubj*; the distant Thunder mountain *parataxis*; giant *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to stone=Trajectory |
| 4 | **send** | past | Ka *not said here* | Ka's warning of the winter |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warning=Theme |
| 5 | **send** | past | Ka *not said here* | the white frost and Kewâydin |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent frost=Theme |
| 6 | **send** | past | 1010 | the swift and hungry North wind |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent swift=Theme |
| 7 | **warn** |  | Ka | the winter |  |  |  |  | nom warning «communication transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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