---
title: Then old Péboân--the winter--[1018] Laughed along the stormy waters,… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: Then old Péboân--the winter--[1018] Laughed along the stormy waters, Danced upon the windy headlands, On the storm his white hair streaming,-- And his steaming breath, ascending, On the pine-tops and the cedars Fell in frosty mists refulgent, Sprinkling somber shades with silver, Sprinkling all the 
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 1, sentence 76

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Then old Péboân--the winter--\[1018\] Laughed along the stormy waters, Danced upon the windy headlands, On the storm his white hair streaming,-- And his steaming breath, ascending, On the pine-tops and the cedars Fell in frosty mists refulgent, Sprinkling somber shades with silver, Sprinkling all the woods with silver.

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**Who acts:** steaming breath · **What happens:** laugh, dance, ascend, sprinkle · **To what, where:** winter, stormy waters, storm, pine tops, somber shades, woods

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (steaming breath), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:18:76
# text = Then old Péboân--the winter--[1018] Laughed along the stormy waters, Danced upon the windy headlands, On the storm his white hair streaming,-- And his steaming breath, ascending, On the pine-tops and the cedars Fell in frosty mists refulgent, Sprinkling somber shades with silver, Sprinkling all the woods with silver.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Péboân	Péboân	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	1018	1018	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
11	Laughed	laugh	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
12	along	along	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	stormy	stormy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	Danced	dance	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
18	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	windy	windy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	headlands	headland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	On	on	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
27	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
28	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	streaming	streaming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
32	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
33	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
34	steaming	steaming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	compound	_	_
35	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
37	ascending	ascend	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	35	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
39	On	on	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
41	pine	pine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	41	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	tops	top	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obl	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	cedars	cedar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	conj	_	_
47	Fell	Fell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	nmod	_	_
48	in	in	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
49	frosty	frosty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	50	amod	_	_
50	mists	mist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	51	compound	_	_
51	refulgent	refulgent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
53	Sprinkling	sprinkle	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	37	conj	_	_
54	somber	somber	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	55	amod	_	_
55	shades	shade	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	53	obj	_	_
56	with	with	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
57	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	59	punct	_	_
59	Sprinkling	sprinkle	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	37	conj	_	_
60	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	62	det:predet	_	_
61	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	62	det	_	_
62	woods	wood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	59	obj	_	_
63	with	with	ADP	IN	_	64	case	_	_
64	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **laugh** | participle |  | the winter *not said here* |  |  |  | along the stormy waters | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **dance** | participle |  | the stormy waters *not said here* |  | the storm |  | upon the windy headlands | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon headland=Location |
| 3 | **ascend** | gerund | Ka's steaming breath *not said here* |  |  | the pine tops  Fell in mists refulgent and the cedars |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **sprinkle** | gerund | Ka's steaming breath *not said here* | somber shades |  |  |  | with silver | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent shade=Destination with silver=Theme |
| 5 | **sprinkle** | gerund | Ka's steaming breath *not said here* | all woods |  |  |  | with silver | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent wood=Destination with silver=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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