---
title: There old Péboân sat and shivered, Shivered o'er his dying lodge-fire. — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: There old Péboân sat and shivered, Shivered o'er his dying lodge-fire. Who acts: old Péboân, Péboân. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 1, sentence 85

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There old Péboân sat and shivered, Shivered o'er his dying lodge-fire.

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**Who acts:** old Péboân, Péboân · **What happens:** sit, shiver, die, fire

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old Péboân, Péboân), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:18:85
# text = There old Péboân sat and shivered, Shivered o'er his dying lodge-fire.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	4	expl	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Péboân	Péboân	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	shivered	shiver	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Shivered	shiver	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
9	o'er	o'er	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
11	dying	die	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	amod	_	_
12	lodge	lodge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | old Péboân |  |  | there |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **shiver** | past | old Péboân *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn body\_internal\_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **shiver** | participle | old Péboân *not said here* |  |  |  |  | o'er Péboân's dying lodge fire | vn body\_internal\_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **die** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 5 | **fire** |  | Péboân |  |  |  |  |  | nom fire «event transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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