---
title: Thus spake Péboân--the Winter; Then he filled his pipe and lighted;… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: Thus spake Péboân--the Winter; Then he filled his pipe and lighted; Then by sacred custom raised it To the spirits in the ether; To the spirits in the caverns Of the hollow earth he lowered it. Who acts: you, Péboân. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure o
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 1, sentence 87

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Thus spake Péboân--the Winter; Then he filled his pipe and lighted; Then by sacred custom raised it To the spirits in the ether; To the spirits in the caverns Of the hollow earth he lowered it.

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**Who acts:** you, Péboân · **What happens:** speak, fill, light, raise, lower · **To what, where:** Péboân, pipe, spirits · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, Péboân), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:18:87
# text = Thus spake Péboân--the Winter; Then he filled his pipe and lighted; Then by sacred custom raised it To the spirits in the ether; To the spirits in the caverns Of the hollow earth he lowered it.
1	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	spake	speak	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Péboân	Péboân	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Winter	Winter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	filled	fill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	pipe	pipe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	lighted	light	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
16	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	20	advmod	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	sacred	sacred	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	custom	custom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
20	raised	raise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	To	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	ether	ether	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	To	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	caverns	cavern	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nmod	_	_
35	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
37	hollow	hollow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
39	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
40	lowered	lower	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	38	acl:relcl	_	_
41	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | imperative | you *not said here* | Péboân  the Winter |  |  |  | thus *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **fill** | past | Péboân | Péboân's pipe |  |  | then |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent pipe=Patient |
| 3 | **light** | participle | Péboân *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **raise** | past | you *not said here* | pipe |  | the spirits in the ether | then | by sacred custom | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme by custom=Destination to spirit=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **lower** | past | Péboân | pipe |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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