---
title: [1020] I breathe upon the forests, And the leaves fall sere and yell… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: [1020] I breathe upon the forests, And the leaves fall sere and yellow; Then I shake my locks and snow falls, Covering all the naked landscape." Who acts: I, leaves, snow. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 1, with its dependency tree 
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 1, sentence 93

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\[1020\] I breathe upon the forests, And the leaves fall sere and yellow; Then I shake my locks and snow falls, Covering all the naked landscape."

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**Who acts:** I, leaves, snow · **What happens:** breathe, fall, shake, cover · **To what, where:** 1020, locks, naked landscape

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, leaves, snow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:18:93
# text = [1020] I breathe upon the forests, And the leaves fall sere and yellow; Then I shake my locks and snow falls, Covering all the naked landscape."
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	1020	1020	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	breathe	breathe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	fall	fall	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
14	sere	sere	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	20	advmod	_	_
19	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	shake	shake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
21	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	locks	lock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
25	falls	fall	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	Covering	cover	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	25	advcl	_	_
28	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	31	det:predet	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	naked	naked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	landscape	landscape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe** | present | I | 1020 |  |  |  | upon the forests | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **fall** | present | the leaves |  |  |  |  | sere *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **shake** | infinitive | I | my locks |  |  | then |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent lock=Patient |
| 4 | **fall** | present | snow |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **cover** | gerund | snow *not said here* | all naked landscape |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme landscape=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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