---
title: [b] Pronounced _Yoon-hay-hay_--the exclamation used by Dakota women… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: [b] Pronounced _Yoon-hay-hay_--the exclamation used by Dakota women in their lament for the dead, and equivalent to "woe is me." Who acts: exclamation, hills. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragm
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 2, sentence 107

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\[b\] Pronounced \_Yoon-hay-hay\_--the exclamation used by Dakota women in their lament for the dead, and equivalent to "woe is me."

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**Who acts:** exclamation, hills · **What happens:** pronounce, use, be, lament · **To what, where:** Yoon hay hay, exclamation, lament, Dakotas

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (exclamation, hills), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:19:107
# text = [b] Pronounced _Yoon-hay-hay_--the exclamation used by Dakota women in their lament for the dead, and equivalent to "woe is me."
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	b	b	NUM	LS	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Pronounced	pronounce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Yoon	Yoon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	hay	hay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	hay	hay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	exclamation	exclamation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
15	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	Dakota	Dakota	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	lament	lament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
22	for	for	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	equivalent	equivalent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	woe	woe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
31	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
32	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pronounce** | participle |  | Yoon hay hay |  |  |  | b *discourse* | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | the exclamation *not said here* |  | hills's lament |  | by Dakota women; for the dead | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | the exclamation | the Dakotas *= dakota* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **lament** |  | hills *= hill* |  |  |  |  |  | nom lament «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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